Sitting for long hours linked to visceral fat

Sitting for long hours leads to building of fat around the body's organs and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease. A study found people who spent a large amount of time sitting down had higher levels of visceral and total abdominal fat. Visceral fat is unseen and wrapped around the liver, pancreas and kidneys. Carrying a high amount is known to be associated with insulin resistance - the driving factor for type 2 diabetes.

There's a difference between subcutaneous fat, the type of fat that lies directly under the skin and visceral fat, which is unseen and around human organs. According to an expert, slim-looking people can have this dangerous fat on the inside, that's wrapped around the liver, pancreas and kidneys.
Visceral abdominal fat is also linked to an increased risk of cancer, stroke and heart disease. Researchers used MRI to scan  participants who were likely to develop type 2 diabetes. They also used ccelerometers that were placed around their waists to measure how much time these people spent sitting over the course of a week.

The researchers found that the link between visceral fat and sitting was strongest for those who did not meet the public health recommendation of 150 weekly minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity. Using MRI techniques and physical activity monitors have shown that the more time spent sedentary, the stronger the association with higher levels of internal and abdominal fat. This was particularly so if the long periods of sedentary behavior were uninterrupted.

When cortisol the stress hormone is too high for too long, it can increase the amount of fat that's stored around the stomach. Dieting alone is not enough combining healthy eating with stress management techniques can help. Cortisol is created in the body’s adrenal gland, it is essential to give get-up-and-go human need to get motivated and focused, which is why it’s usually elevated in the morning. It's also released during exercise and periods of acute stress. It regulates energy by selecting the right amount of carbohydrate, fat, or protein the body needs to meet the physiological demands placed on it.

Cortisol is released from the body’s adrenal glands and floods the body with glucose  when the body is stressed, the simplest form of carbohydrate and preferred energy source – to give muscles an immediate supply of energy. Insulin-the hormone that reduces blood sugar – is also released to prevent the glucose being stored as fat and make it freely available to give the immediate energy to deal with an event. Hormone balance will returns to normal when stress is reduce.
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Link between obesity and diabetes

Researchers have identified a major mechanism by which obesity causes type 2 diabetes, which is a common complication of being overweight. In obesity, insulin released into the blood by the pancreas is unable to pass through the cells that form the inner lining of blood vessels.

As a result, insulin is not delivered to the muscles, where it usually stimulates most of the body's glucose to be metabolized. Blood glucose levels rise, leading to diabetes and its related cardiovascular, kidney and vision problems.

 A major problem in obesity is the delivery of circulating insulin to the muscle, this problem involves immunoglobulins, which are the proteins that make up circulating antibodies. The researchers found that obese mice have an unexpected chemical change in their immunoglobulins.

The abnormal immunoglobulins then act on cells lining blood vessels to inhibit an enzyme needed to transfer insulin from the bloodstream into the muscle. Type 2 diabetes patients have the same chemical change, and if immunoglobulins from a type 2 diabetic individual is given to a mouse, the mouse will becomes diabetic.
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Celiac disease after diabetes

Type 1 diabetes and celiac disease are closely related genetically, People with one disease tend to get the other. People who have type 1 diabetes autoantibodies should get screened for celiac autoantibodies. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that causes the body's immune system to mistakenly attack the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, insulin is a hormone that sends the sugar from foods into the body's cells to be used as fuel. Because the autoimmune attack leaves people with type 1 diabetes without enough insulin, they must replace the lost insulin through injections or an insulin pump with a temporary tube inserted under the skin.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to attack the lining of the small intestine when gluten is consumed, according to the Celiac Disease Foundation. Gluten is a protein found in wheat. Symptoms of celiac disease include stomach pain, bloating, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, weight loss, fatigue, delayed growth and puberty.

Early diagnosis of celiac disease is important to initiate treatment with a gluten-free diet to prevent complications, particularly growth retardation in children. Other complications are iron-deficiency anemia, osteoporosis, skin rash lymphoma and carcinoma of the small intestine. Treatment for the disease is avoiding eating or drinking anything containing gluten.

The researchers carried out autoantibody test on many children and follow them up for 66 months. Autoantibodies linked to type 1 diabetes were found in some of the children while some have autoantibodies linked to celiac disease. Some of the children have both, the results showed the link between the two diseases, type 1 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the development of celiac disease.
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Obesity linked to different cancers

There is a link between obesity and different cancers, being obese or overweight was associated with cancer.
Some of the cancers linked with obesity include: brain cancer; multiple myeloma; cancer of the esophagus; postmenopausal breast cancer; cancers of the thyroid, gallbladder, stomach, liver, pancreas, kidney, ovaries, uterus and colon.

Of all cancers, 55 percent in women and 24 percent in men were associated with overweight and obesity. Blacks and whites had higher rates of weight-related cancer than other racial or ethnic groups. Black men and American Indian/Alaska Native men had higher rates of cancer than white men.

Except for colon cancer, cancers tied to overweight and obesity increased among those younger than 75 years.
Some other risk factors are smoking of cigarettes, drinking of alcohol, genetics,
sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition.

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Fatty liver can damage other organs

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease  NAFL increases the risk of chronic liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Altered secretion of the fatty liver increases production of glucose, fats, and proteins like hepatokine fetuin-A, which are releases into the bloodstream.

The secreted substances of the fatty liver enter other organs and trigger further reactions. People who had experienced an increased pancreatic fatty degeneration have reduced insulin secretion.

Fatty liver and fatty degeneration of the pancreas triggers increased local immune cell infiltration and inflammation that increase the disease.
However, adipose tissue is not harmful, it can even have protective effects: adipose tissue located around the blood vessels of the kidney has regenerative properties.

The factor that leads to pathological changes is fetuin-A, which is produced by the fatty liver, instead of protecting tissue as before, the adipose tissue brings out inflammatory processes that leads to a restriction of renal function.
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How to fight inflammation with exercise

Inflammation is the body's way of healing itself after an injury and protecting itself from infection; but chronic inflammation is associated with different kinds of diseases.

During exercise like running, jumping, jogging, swimming and walking muscle cells release a small protein known as Interleukin 6, IL-6, which fights an inflammation. Any forms of exercise that you can think of will produce the same Interleukin 6. It has several anti-inflammatory effects; it lowers levels of a protein called TNF alpha, which triggers inflammation in the body.

It prevents the effects of a protein known as interleukin 1 beta, which triggers inflammation that can damage the cells in the pancreas. The quantity of IL-6 release by muscles is determined by quality of time spent during exercise, the longer you engage in exercise, the more IL-6 will be released into your body.

Regular exercise induces a strong anti-inflammatory effect on the body and it prevents an inflammation. It also increases levels of protein, known as Interleukin-15 (IL-15), in muscle cells. IL-15 regulates the accumulation of abdominal fat, with higher levels of IL-15 providing protection against abdominal fat buildup.

Regular exercise should be used as part of the treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases. Exercise serves as natural, anti-inflammatory and metabolism-improving 'drug'. It can be useful for treating type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Diabetes drug could treat Parkinson’s disease

Taking Exenatide, a diabetes medication increases motor skills than placebo for Parkinson’s disease treatment. The drug could stop decline in Parkinson’s patients rather than providing solution to the symptoms.

The drug activates hormone receptors in the pancreas to stimulate the release of insulin for diabetes patients. But the same receptors exist in the brain, activating them can boost dopamine function and stop inflammation in Parkinson’s disease.

Damage to cells that produced dopamine leads to Parkinson’s disease, preventing the damage could stop the development of the disease.

Parkinson’s patients that used exanatite drug had improved motor function - measures like tremors, agility and speech while those who took the placebo are not getting better.
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How to break sugar addiction

Insomnia, regular breakouts, craving for sweet and exhausted taste buds may be an indicator that you are suffering from a sugar addiction.

 Sugar addiction can leads to overweight and obesity. Excessive sugar consumption in different forms destroys body systems generally.

Acne is an indication that there is too much sugar in the diet, damage to the skin proteins, collagen and elastin, leading to premature wrinkles and aging.

Change in taste bud; taste buds are addicted to sweet foods and may not want any food that is not sweet.

Diet high in sugar can increase cancer growth; tumors used sugar as energy to mutate and spread across the body.

Bacteria in the mouth feeds on sugars which creates harmful acids causing tooth decay, destroy tooth enamel and form hole in the tooth.

The pancreas releases insulin to transfer glucose to the cell's after consuming sugar, the higher the sugar peak, the more extreme the sugar dip that will follow.

Sugar interrupts the supply of important neurotransmitter precursors through the blood-brain barrier - and particularly ones that help produce serotonin and dopamine, which influence mood.

Excess sugar consumption decrease the amount of good cholesterol in the bloodstream and increase the amount of bad cholesterol in the body, leading to heart disease.

The liver struggles to process excessive amounts of sugar. The unprocessed sugars are converted to fat calls, which are distributed throughout the body. It can leads to obesity.

Too much sugar in the body can cause bacteria to move from the colon to the small intestine, proliferate on the foods digesting in the small intestine and cause bloating, acid reflux, gas and abdominal cramping.

Sugar can be remove from the body by replacing process foods with whole foods and by replacing all processed drinks with water.
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How to prevent type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes occurs when pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or the body does not react properly to insulin.

Changing from sedentary lifestyle to active lifestyle and changing from over processed foods to eating plant based diet can prevent type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes prevention is eating more healthy foods, becoming more physically active and losing excess weight.

 Nerve, kidney and heart damage are complications developed from suffering from diabetes, these can be prevented by adopting these preventive measures.

Be involved in regular physical activity - regular physical activities can prevents many diseases including diabetes promotes weight loss.

Daily fibre consumption - Foods rich in fiber are fruits, vegetables, beans and nuts. These foods will digest slowly and prevent blood sugar spike.

Eat whole grains - Whole grains will reduce the risk of diabetes and maintain blood sugar levels.
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High sugar intake and your facial beauty

High sugar intake can cause obesity, chronic disease, tooth decay, cause wrinkles on your face and change your complexion.

Glycation is when sugar in your bloodstream bonds onto proteins in the body. The more sugar we eat, the more glycation end products we produce.

Since collagen that keeps our skin plump and firm is the body’s most prevalent protein, it will be affected most and can result in saggy, loose and red facial skin.

Glycation can cause other skin problems, like redness, rosacea and acne. Foods with higher glycemic index
can trigger breakouts.

Sugar triggers the pancreas to produce more insulin, which increases the hormones that stimulate sebum production. Sugar changes complexion by depleting water in the cells causing dark under-eye circles.

Symptoms of pancreatic cancer

The pancreas is a large gland that is part of the digestive system.
In the early stages of cancer, a tumour in the pancreas doesn't usually cause any symptoms, which can make it difficult to diagnose.

Some people in the early stages of the disease can experience abdominal pain, changes of bowel habits, nausea and vomiting, jaundice, diabetes, back pain and weight loss.

Survival rates for pancreatic cancer remain low, with most patients given months rather than years to live,” said Dr Francesco Cellini, radiation oncologist.

The study retrospectively analysed 514 patients from Europe and the US diagnosed when their tumours had not spread and could be removed by surgery.

Following surgery, all the patients had been treated with chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and followed up for an average of 20 months.

For patients with early stage tumours, standard treatment is surgery followed by chemotherapy, sometimes with radiotherapy.

For later-stage disease, patients are treated with chemotherapy, which may be combined with palliative radiotherapy as their disease progresses.

Links between diabetes and prednisone

Prednisone is a steroid, steroids are used to treat different conditions like autoimmune disorder and inflammation.

Steroids reduce the activity of the body's immune system and inflammation, it can also prevents tissue damage and how the body reacts to insulin.

Diabetes is a metabolic condition of having higher than normal blood sugar levels.

Type 1-damage pancreatic cells; when pancreas cannot produce insulin.
Types2-when pancreas cannot produce enough insulin.

Steroid-induced diabetes is similar to type 2 diabetes, risk of developing steroid-induced type 2 diabetes are: being overweight, having impaired glucose tolerance, having family history of type 2 diabetes.

Intensive medical attention can reverse type 2 diabetes

Diabetes mellitus DM is a group of diseases associated with high blood sugar, common symptoms are: increased thirst, increase hunger and frequent urination.

When pancreas failed to produce enough insulin - type 1 or when body failed to respond to insulin properly - type 2 are the common types of diabetes.

Correct combination of medications, insulin and lifestyle therapies for three to four months can reverse type 2 diabetes according to latest study on diabetes.

Bariatric surgery is not the only solution to type 2 diabetes, following standard lifestyle advice from your Doctor, will leads to achieving normal glucose level with the aid of medications.

The oral medication, insulin and lifestyle therapies will give your pancreas rest and decrease fat stores in your body; this will improve insulin production and make your pancreas active.

How HIV affects the immune system

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that causes HIV and later AIDS. Early signs of HIV are: fever, joint pain, sore throat and skin rashes.

A T-cell is a type of lymphocyte - white blood cell that defend the body against disease, HIV infects a cell by attaching itself to T-cell, multiplies its virus and destroy the T-cell.

CD4 count shows the strength of one's immune system which is between 500 1500 for healthy people, being infected with HIV without treatment will reduce the count below 200.

 HIV  exposes the infected person to opportunistic  infections like: pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, thrush, and tuberculosis.

Presently, there is no cure for HIV. Antiretroviral therapy is recommended for people living with HIV virus.

Common side effects of Antiretroviral drugs are: glucose intolerance, kidney failure, hepatitis of the liver, insulin resistance, osteoporosis, anemia and inflamed pancreas.