Link between obesity and diabetes

Researchers have identified a major mechanism by which obesity causes type 2 diabetes, which is a common complication of being overweight. In obesity, insulin released into the blood by the pancreas is unable to pass through the cells that form the inner lining of blood vessels.

As a result, insulin is not delivered to the muscles, where it usually stimulates most of the body's glucose to be metabolized. Blood glucose levels rise, leading to diabetes and its related cardiovascular, kidney and vision problems.

 A major problem in obesity is the delivery of circulating insulin to the muscle, this problem involves immunoglobulins, which are the proteins that make up circulating antibodies. The researchers found that obese mice have an unexpected chemical change in their immunoglobulins.

The abnormal immunoglobulins then act on cells lining blood vessels to inhibit an enzyme needed to transfer insulin from the bloodstream into the muscle. Type 2 diabetes patients have the same chemical change, and if immunoglobulins from a type 2 diabetic individual is given to a mouse, the mouse will becomes diabetic.
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Source of ageing process

Genes belong to a process called autophagy - this one of the cells most critical survival processes, it promotes health and fitness in young worms but drive the process of ageing later in life.

 Promoting longevity by closing down autophagy in old worms improves neuronal and subsequent whole body health. Getting old happens to every species, natural selection results in the fittest individuals for a given environment surviving to breed and pass on their genes to the next generation.

The more fruitful a trait is at promoting reproductive success, the stronger the selection for that trait will be. Some genes encourage ageing while still being essential for development, there are series of genes involved in regulating autophagy, which accelerate the ageing process.

The process of autophagy is a critical recycling process in the cell. Autophagy is known to become slower with age and closing it down in the initiation of the process allows the worms to live longer.

There are severe negative consequences when it breaks down and then you are better off bypassing it all together. In young worms, autophagy is working properly and is essential to reach maturity but after reproduction, it begins to malfunction causing the worms to age.

 By inactivating autophagy in the neurons of old worms they were able to prolong the worms life and increased the total health of the worms. Turning autophagy off only in one tissue and the whole animal gets a boost. The neurons are much healthier in the treated worms and keeps the muscles and the rest of the body in good shape.
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New drug for hair loss

Increasing lactate production genetically increases the stem cells in dormant hair follicles to grow again.
Receding hairlines and thinning crowns can be caused by aging, genetics, hormone imbalance, stress, illness and medications. The metabolic process that takes place in hair follicle stem cells is different from that which takes place in other skin cells.

Cells convert glucose into pyruvate but this metabolite can take one of two paths; it can be sent to the mitochondria and used as energy, or the cells can convert it to a different metabolite known as lactate - the same substance produced during intense exercise that causes a burning sensation in muscles.

Changing the chemical course of the glucose metabolites could change the behavior of inactive follicles. Researchers examined mice that had been genetically engineered to not produce lactate along with those that had been altered to increase lactate production.

They discovered that blocking lactate prevented hair follicle stem cells from being activated while increasing lactate increased the production of hair. When the drugs - RCGD423 and UK5099 were applied to the skin of mice, both increased lactate production and
accelerate hair growth.
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How to treat disease with exercise

Regular exercise can prevent many health problems, and prevents diseases like diabetes, asthma and arthritis.

Exercise improves endurance, builds muscle, burns fat, and increases flexibility.

Diabetes
Diabetic who exercise regularly build muscle, making them less likely to store extra glucose as fat. It also lowers glucose in the blood and improves insulin sensitivity.

Asthma
It strengthen lungs and prevents regular attack.

Arthritis
Exercise reduces pain related to arthritis.

How to treat heart failure with stem cell

When heart failed, it will not be unable to pump enough blood to every part of the body. Common symptoms are: fatigue, chest pain and shortness of breath.

Illnesses that can cause heart failure are: high blood pressure, diabetes and coronary heart disease. Treatment includes: heart transplant,  medication and change of lifestyle.

Japanese team chose 27 patients with heart failure who are not responding to treatment; 15 had ischemic cardiomyopathy and 12 with dilated cardiomyopathy.

The team made patches of cells from the patience thigh muscles and surgically glued it onto the heart surface on left ventricle. 

The stem cell implant strengthen the heart to perform better, the patients get better after the implant without any complications.

Facts about cesarean section

Cesarean section is the delivery of a baby or babies through a surgical incision in the mother's abdomen wall and uterus.

It is often performed when vaginal delivery would put the mother, baby or babies at risk.

• More than 30 percent of all deliveries are by cesarean section.
• You can have vaginal birth if you wish after the first cesarean section.
• You can breastfeed your baby 20 minutes after the operation in a comfortable position.
• Vaginal birth does not make you a super woman, whichever way you give birth to your baby, be proud of yourself.
• Muscles are not cut during cesarean section, they were pushed apart.