Molecular biomarkers for preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a sudden pregnancy complication that can interfere with the blood flow to the placenta and possibly to the fetus, it can lead to low birth weight, prematurity and death. It is also a leading cause of maternal mortality. A new Tel Aviv University study identifies novel molecular biomarkers of preeclampsia, signaling the potential for an early diagnostic blood test.

Research for the study was led by Dr. Noam Shomron and Prof. Moshe Hod and conducted by Liron Yoffe and other lab members, all affiliated with TAU's Sackler School of Medicine, and in collaboration with Prof. Kypros Nicolaides of King's College, London. Preeclampsia is a serious disease that endangers the health, sometimes even the lives, of the mother and the fetus.

The causes of  preeclampsia is unknown if caught in time it has a simple and proven remedy: low doses of aspirin administered from the 16th week until the end of pregnancy. Medical practitioners have assessed a woman's risk of preeclampsia by referring to previous pregnancies, blood pressure levels and other general symptoms. Blood test could predict preeclampsia and, in turn, allow doctors to provide treatment that would prevent the  onset of the disease.

Researchers examined the blood samples from thousands of pregnant women in their first trimester, the team then narrowed their focused to 75 specific blood samples: 35 taken from women who eventually contracted preeclampsia, and 40 taken from those who completed their pregnancies in full health. The researchers extracted the RNA molecules (snippets of molecular information present in human cells) from the plasma of the samples and sequenced these using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).

The scientists discovered the new biomarkers by analyzing the data using computational methods that included statistical analyses and machine learning algorithms. They identified 25 small RNA molecules that were differentially expressed between the preeclampsia and the control groups. Based on those RNA molecules, they developed a model for the classification of preeclampsia samples.

These findings indicate the predictive value of circulating small RNA molecules in the first trimester, and lay the foundation for producing a novel early non-invasive diagnostic tool for preeclampsia, which could reduce the life-threatening risk for the mother and fetus.
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How alcohol causes dementia

Alcohol use disorders are the most important preventable risk factors for the onset of all types of dementia, especially early-onset dementia. This according to a nationwide observational study of over one million adults diagnosed with dementia in France.

This study looked specifically at the effect of alcohol use disorders and included people who had been diagnosed with mental and behavioural disorders or chronic diseases that were attributable to chronic harmful use of alcohol. Of the 57,000 cases of early-onset dementia (before the age of 65), the majority (57%) were related to chronic heavy drinking.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines chronic heavy drinking as consuming more than 60 grams pure alcohol on average per day for men and 40 grams per day for women. Heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders are the most important risk factors for dementia, and especially important for those types of dementia which start before age 65, and which lead to premature deaths," says study co-author and Director of the CAMH Institute for Mental Health Policy Research Dr. Jürgen Rehm.

Alcohol-induced brain damage and dementia are preventable, and known-effective preventive and policy measures can make a dent into premature dementia deaths. Alcohol use disorders shorten life expectancy by more than 20 years, and dementia is one of the leading causes of death. For early-onset dementia, there was a significant gender split.

Alcohol use disorders were also associated with all other independent risk factors for dementia onset, such as tobacco smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, lower education, depression, and hearing loss, among modifiable risk factors. It suggests that alcohol use disorders may contribute in many ways to the risk of dementia.
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Erleada for treating prostate cancer

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Erleada (apalutamide), a next-generation androgen receptor inhibitor for the treatment of patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Erleada is a prescription medicine used to treat prostate cancer that has not spread to other parts of the body and no longer responds to a medical or surgical treatment that lowers testosterone.

Before you start treatment, tell your healthcare provider about all your medical conditions, including if you have a history of seizures, brain injury, stroke, or brain tumors. If you have a partner who is pregnant or may become pregnant. Men who are sexually active with a pregnant woman must use a condom during and for three months after treatment.

Erleada treatment can cause bones and muscles to weaken and may increase risk for falls and fractures. Falls and fractures have happened in people during treatment with Erleada. Falls were not caused by loss of consciousness (fainting) or seizures. Your healthcare provider will monitor your risks for falls and fractures during treatment.

Seizure-if you take Erleada, you may be at risk of having a seizure. You should avoid activities where a sudden loss of consciousness could cause serious harm. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have a loss of consciousness or seizure. Your healthcare provider will stop Erleada if you have a seizure during treatment.

The most common side effects include:feeling very tired, high blood pressure, rash, diarrhea, nausea, decreased appetite, weight loss, joint pain, fall, hot flash, bone injury (fracture), swollen hands, ankles and feet. Erleada may cause fertility problems.
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Brain cells may prevent Parkinson's disease

A Norwegian study shows that impairment in mitochondria may actually protect the brain in Parkinson's disease. Mitochondria are microscopic power stations found inside human cells. They convert foodstuffs into fuel, providing the required energy. Studies in brain tissue from individuals with Parkinson's disease showed that an essential component of the mitochondrial energy generators, called respiratory complex-I, becomes impaired in an area of the brain called the "substantia nigra" .

A new study from the University of Bergen (UiB), in Norway, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge, shows that the function of mitochondria, the microscopic powerhouses of the cell, is altered throughout the entire brain of individuals with Parkinson's disease. This new study shows that complex I deficiency is a global phenomenon in the brain of people with Parkinson's disease, and is found indiscriminately in both affected and healthy brain regions.

 Intriguingly, brain cells (neurons) with decreased complex I levels are significantly less likely to contain Lewy bodies, the abnormal protein-aggregates that characterize Parkinson's disease. These discoveries suggest that, contrary to mainstream theory, mitochondrial complex I deficiency may not be entirely deleterious for the brain in Parkinson's disease. It is possible that complex I deficiency is part of a compensatory regulation attempting to protect the brain in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common brain disorders. It affects millions of people worldwide. It starts after the age of 50 and causes a combination of debilitating symptoms, including shaking and other abnormal movements, loss of balance, low blood pressure, bladder and intestinal problems, sleeping disorders and dementia. Presently, there is no cure and patients die prematurely due to increasing disability.
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High salt diet hobbles the brain

A new study has shown that mice fed with a very high-salt diet experienced declined blood flow to their brain, the integrity of blood vessels in the brain suffered, and performance on tests of cognitive function plummeted.

Researchers found that those effects were not as long has been widely believed, a natural consequence of high blood pressure. Instead, they appeared to be the result of signals sent from the gut to the brain by the immune system.

The study, conducted by researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York. The research sheds light on a subject of keen interest to scientists exploring the links between what we eat and how well we think, and the mediating role that the immune system plays in that communication.

This suggests that even before a chronic high-salt diet nudges blood pressure up and compromises the health of tiny blood vessels in the brain, the oversalted gut is independently sending messages that lay the groundwork for corrosion throughout the vital network.

In the small intestines of mice, the authors of the new research found that a very high-salt diet prompted an immune response that boosted circulating levels of an inflammatory substance called interleukin-17. These high levels of IL-17 set off a cascade of chemical responses inside the delicate inner linings of the brain's blood vessels.

The result in mice fed with the high-salt diet: blood supply to two regions crucial for learning and memory-the cortex and hippocampus slowed markedly. And mental performance slid. Compared to mice fed a diet lower in salt, the maze-running skills of the mice who consumed high-salt levels faltered, and they failed to respond normally to whisker stimulation, or a new object in their cage.

In mice, that evidence of cognitive impairment was apparent even in the absence of high blood pressure. The immune system's role in sending signals between brain and gut is also seen in diseases like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease-all disorders that are linked to poor functioning of the brain's blood vessels.
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Giapreza for treating low blood pressure

FDA Approves Giapreza (angiotensin II) to treat dangerously low blood pressure. Giapreza (angiotensin II) injection for intravenous infusion to increase blood pressure in adults with septic or other distributive shock. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. Hypotension is abnormally low blood pressure.

 Shock is a critical condition in which blood pressure drops so low that the brain, kidneys and other vital organs can't receive enough blood flow to function properly. In a clinical trial patients with shock and a critically low blood pressure, significantly more patients responded to treatment with Giapreza compared to those treated with placebo.

 Giapreza effectively increased blood pressure when added to conventional treatments used to raise blood pressure. The drug can cause dangerous blood clots with serious consequences (clots in arteries and veins, including deep venous thrombosis); prophylactic treatment for blood clots should be used.
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Valsartan for treating high blood pressure

Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Valsartan keeps blood vessels from narrowing, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) in adults and children who are at least 6 years old. Valsartan is also used in adults to treat heart failure, and to lower the risk of death after a heart attack. It is sometimes given together with other blood pressure medications.

If you have diabetes, do not use valsartan together with any medication that contains aliskiren (Amturnide, Tekturna, Tekamlo, Valturna). Before taking this medicine. Do not use valsartan if you are allergic to it. You may take valsartan with or without food. Take the medicine at the same time each day. If a child taking valsartan cannot swallow a capsule whole, your pharmacist can mix the medicine into a liquid. Shake this liquid well just before you measure a dose.

Measure the liquid with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. You may have very low blood pressure while taking valsartan. Call your doctor if you are sick with vomiting or diarrhea, or if you are sweating more than usual. Drinking alcohol can further lower your blood pressure and may increase certain side effects of valsartan. Do not use potassium supplements or salt substitutes while you are taking valsartan, unless your doctor has told you to.

Avoid getting up too fast from a sitting or lying position, or you may feel dizzy. Get up slowly and steady yourself to prevent a fall. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. In rare cases, valsartan can cause a condition that results in the breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, leading to kidney failure. Call your doctor right away if you have unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness especially if you also have fever, unusual tiredness, and dark colored urine.
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New pathway for hyperaldosteronism

People with high blood pressure have secondary hypertension, meaning that the root cause of the disease is known. In such cases, when the root cause is treated, blood pressure usually returns to normal or is significantly lowered. Hyperaldosteronism, a condition in which the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone, is the most common cause of secondary hypertension.
Research, based on a genetic model identifies an unexpected layer in the regulation of adrenal gland development and in hyperaldosteronism.

The body's adrenal glands produce a number of essential hormones, including aldosterone, which balances sodium and potassium in the blood. In hyperaldosteronism, the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone, leading to low levels of potassium and increased sodium. Excess sodium leads to water retention, increasing the blood volume and blood pressure. The structure of the adrenal glands in mice lacking the Siah1 ubiquitin ligase gene was markedly different and they had increased levels of aldosterone.

Elevated levels of PIAS1, a Siah1 controlled protein is a key regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis,
Siah1 is a ubiquitin ligase that plays an important role in a number of cellular pathways, implicated in neurodegeneration and cancer. Patients that suffer from hyperaldosteronism exhibit mutations or epigenetic deregulation of the key pathway components, pointing to the relevance of our findings to humans and the justification for further exploration of this pathway for therapeutic purposes.
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Diabetes leads to retinopathy

Loss of vascular cells in the retina of the eye, loss of barrier function in vessels, edema, and a cascade of inflammatory events lead to blindness. The eye generates a dihydroxy metabolite from polyunsaturated fatty acids that initiates pericyte loss and breakdown of the endothelial barrier function in the eye, the scientists said. This leads to vascular edema and ultimately to a proliferation of new blood vessels and loss of vision.

The small molecule which initiates this process is a diol of a long chain poly unsaturated fatty acid produced by sEH, the researchers said. The enzyme converts an anti-inflammatory epoxy fatty acid into the pro inflammatory and in this case, toxic diol. The research team demonstrated this process and the cellular mechanism involved in diabetic mice and in transgenic mice that over-produce the sEH enzyme.

They were able to block the process by inhibiting the sEH enzyme. The expression of the sEH enzyme also increased with severity of diabetic retinopathy in human patients.The expression of the soluble epoxide hydrolase gene was shown to increase in the retinas of human patients with the severity of the disease with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic eye disease can affect many parts of the eye, including the retina, macula, lens and the optic nerve.

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye disease and a leading cause of adult blindness. Chronically high blood sugar from diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina, leading to diabetic retinopathy, according to the National Eye Institute (NEI) of the National Institutes of Health. The blood vessels can leak fluid or hemorrhage and distorting vision. The sEH enzyme generates a toxic metabolite, but when the enzyme is inhibited, eye disease is prevented.

Inhibiting the soluble epoxide hydrolase preserves fatty acid epoxides which reduce the late or proliferative stages of diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration. Research team used the same soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors to block production of a pro inflammatory mediator that initiates the early stages of vascular permeability and inflammation of the retina. They discovered that 19,20-dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid, a product of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity, as a key regulator of pericyte loss and endothelial barrier breakdown has brought to light a previously unknown mechanism of action in the induction of diabetic retinopathy.

 Inhibition of sEH blocks formation of this degenerative lipid metabolite thereby halting disease progression, which is of vital interest for the potential management of this blinding disease.The diol of the fatty acid linoleate produced by the soluble epoxide hydrolase was highly toxic to cells leading to vascular permeability and sepsis. These epoxy fatty acid chemical mediators control blood pressure, fibrosis, immunity, tissue growth, pain and inflammation.
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Blood pressure drug increases the risk of skin cancer

Hydrochlorothiazide used for treating high blood pressure may increase the risk of developing skin cancer. Researchers examined the link between the common drug hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer. HCTZ is a popular diuretic used to treat water retention and high blood pressure.

The researchers were prompted in their endeavor by the fact that HCTZ has been linked with an increased risk of lip cancer in the past. The drug makes the skin more sensitive to the damage of ultraviolet (UV) rays, due to its photosensitizing effects. This was a further reason for the researchers to examine the drug.

The researchers considered the use of other antihypertensive medication.The research revealed that those who took HCTZ were up to seven times more likely to develop skin cancer. More specifically, the antihypertensive drug raised the risk of both squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma – a less serious form of skin cancer. By contrast, none of the other antihypertensive drugs examined seemed to raise skin cancer risk.

Hydrochlorothiazide made the skin more vulnerable to damage from the sun's UV rays, but what is new and also surprising is that long-term use of this blood pressure medicine leads to such a significant increase in the risk of skin cancer. Living in sunny environment while taking hydrochlorothiazide seems to be life-threatening for some patients.
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Digital scan of the eyes reveals health condition

In terms of diagnostic imaging, the eye is a unique part of the human body. Using optical coherence tomography OCT technology, 40,000 scans are produced within 1.2 seconds, with a total volume of 65 million voxels.  Voxel is a contraction of "volume" and "element" and refers to a grid point in a three-dimensional grid and overall to a huge volume of information about a patient's retina.

The OCT data are analysed using automated algorithms generated on the basis of Artificial Intelligence. A digital image of the retina provides enormous amount of data, offering information about a person's entire personal and medical Life Data, not only about existing or potential diseases, but also about lifestyle.

The retina shows how old a person is, their gender, smoking habits, blood pressure and whether they have diabetes, or at least an increased risk of developing it. Diabetes and high blood-pressure are very common conditions and in many patients, result in long-term retinal damage, incorporating these new technologies into clinical care will give accurate picture of patients general health for customised treatments.
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Low-salt diets lower blood pressure

Low-salt diets packed with fruit and vegetables lower blood pressure more than medication after just four weeks, Cutting out salt and eating lots of fruit, vegetables and low-fat dairy, reduces people with high blood pressure's results by an average of 21 mm Hg. The researchers analyzed 412 people with early-stage hypertension who were not taking high blood pressure medication.

Some of the study's participants were fed a 'DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet', which includes lots of fruit, vegetables and low-fat dairy products, with minimal saturated fat.
The remaining participants ate a typical American diet. All of the participants were fed different sodium levels equaling around 0.5, one or two teaspoons of salt a day over four weeks with five-day breaks in between.

Approximately one teaspoon is the maximum recommended salt intake in the US to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. Results reveal that, among the participants with the highest blood pressure levels, following a low-salt, DASH diet for just four weeks reduced their hypertension readings by an average of 21 mm Hg.

Drugs such as ACE inhibitors, calcium blockers and beta blockers typically reduce blood pressure by between 10 and 15 mm Hg. Participants with lower blood pressure results at the start of the study also saw their readings reduce by between five and 10 mm Hg.
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Dangers of taking energy drink

Short-term benefits of energy drink can be outweighed by serious health risks which include risk-seeking behavior, mental health problems, increased blood pressure, obesity and kidney damage. The health risks suggests they are harmful to health and should be limited through more stringent regulation by restricting their sales to children and adolescents.

Most energy drinks consist of similar ingredients-water, sugar, caffeine, certain vitamins, minerals and non-nutritive stimulants such as guarana, taurine and ginseng. Some can contain up to 100 mg caffeine per fluid ounce, eight times more than a regular coffee at 12 mg. A moderate daily caffeine intake of up to 400 mg is recommended for adults, but little research exists on tolerable levels for adolescents and children. Energy drinks are often marketed as a healthy beverage that people can adopt to improve their energy, stamina, athletic performance and concentration, but researchers discovered that they have  health consequences.

 The health risks associated with energy drinks are mostly attributed to their high sugar and caffeine levels. They range from risk-seeking behavior, such as substance misuse and aggression, mental health problems in the form of anxiety and stress, to increased blood pressure, obesity, kidney damage, fatigue, stomachaches and irritation.
Mixing energy drinks with alcohol leads to consumption of more alcohol than drinking alcohol alone, leading to dehydration and alcohol poisoning.
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How the skin controlled blood pressure

Skin plays a surprising role in regulating blood pressure and heart rate, Skin is the largest organ, covering two square metres in humans - helps regulate blood pressure and heart rate in response to changes in the amount of oxygen available in the environment.

High blood pressure is associated with cardiovascular disease, such as heart attack and stroke. For the vast majority of cases of high blood pressure, there is no known cause. It is often associated with reduced flow of blood through small blood vessels in the skin and other parts of the body, a symptom which can get progressively worse if the hypertension is not treated.

Previous research has shown that when a tissue is starved of oxygen - as can happen in areas of high altitude, or in response to pollution, smoking or obesity, for example - blood flow to that tissue will increase. In such situations, this increase in blood flow is controlled in part by the 'HIF' family of proteins.

To investigate what role the skin plays in the flow of blood through small vessels, a team of researchers exposed mice to low-oxygen conditions. These mice had been genetically modified so that they are unable to produce certain HIF proteins in the skin.

The study was set up to understand the feedback loop between the skin and the cardiovascular system. By working with mice. Researchers were able to manipulate key genes involved in this loop. They discovered that in mice lacking one of two proteins in the skin HIF-1α or HIF-2α, the response to low levels of oxygen changed compared to normal mice and that this affected their heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature and general levels of activity.

Mice lacking specific proteins controlled by the HIFs also responded in a similar way.
In addition, the response of normal, healthy mice to oxygen starvation was more complex than expected. In the first ten minutes, blood pressure and heart rate rise, and this is followed by a period of 36 hours where blood pressure and heart rate decrease below normal levels. 48 hours after exposure to low levels of oxygen and blood pressure the heart rate levels had returned to normal.

Loss of the HIF proteins or other proteins involved in the response to oxygen starvation in the skin, was discovered to change when this process starts and how long it takes. Skin's response to low levels of oxygen may have substantial effects on how the heart pumps blood around the body.
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High blood pressure linked to heart valves disorder

A link has been established between high blood pressure and the most common heart valve disorder, higher blood pressure in early life was associated with a significantly greater future risk of mitral regurgitation, a condition which makes the heart less efficient at pumping blood around the body, and in severe cases can lead to heart failure.

Disabling valve disorder is not an inevitable consequence of aging, the growing burden of mitral valve disease, particularly among older people,
Mitral regurgitation leads to a backflow of blood into the heart, causing shortness of breath, tiredness, dizziness and chest pain.

Despite significant advances in the understanding of valve disease, mitral regurgitation has until now been largely considered a degenerative disorder, resulting from a weakening of the valve over time due to 'wear and tear'. Lowering blood pressure through exercise, diet and taking of blood pressure lowering drugs could reduce the risk of valve heart disorder.
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Zilretta for treating osteoarthritis pain

Zilretta (triamcinolone acetonide extended-release injectable suspension) is indicated as an intra-articular injection for the management of osteoarthritis pain of the knee. Zilretta is used for treating osteoarthritis-related knee pain. The drug is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to triamcinolone acetonide, corticosteroids or any components of the product.

Zilretta should not be considered safe for epidural or intrathecal administration. Rare instances of anaphylaxis, including serious cases, have occurred in patients with hypersensitivity to corticosteroids. Avoid injecting corticosteroids into a previously infected or unstable joint. Intra-articular administration may result in damage to joint tissues.
Infection with any pathogen in any location of the body may be associated with corticosteroid use.

 Corticosteroids may increase the susceptibility to new infection and decrease resistance and the ability to localize infection. It can produce reversible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression, with potential for adrenal insufficiency after withdrawal of treatment, which may persist for months.

Corticosteroids can cause blood pressure elevation, salt and water retention and increased potassium excretion. Monitor patients with congestive heart failure, hypertension and renal insufficiency for edema, weight gain and electrolyte imbalance. Dietary salt restriction and potassium supplementation may be needed.

Corticosteroid use may be associated with increased intraocular pressure. Monitor patients with elevated intraocular pressure for potential treatment adjustment. Corticosteroid administration may increase the risk of gastrointestinal perforation in patients with certain GI disorders and fresh intestinal anastomoses.

Avoid corticosteroids in these patients.
Alterations in Bone Density: Corticosteroids decrease bone formation and increase bone resorption. Special consideration should be given to patients with or at increased risk of osteoporosis prior to treatment.
Behavior and Mood Disturbances: Corticosteroids may cause adverse psychiatric reactions. Prior to treatment, special consideration should be given to patients with previous or current emotional instability or psychiatric illness.

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Impact of shift work on your health

According to the latest research, workers who regularly pull overnight shifts may be more prone to accumulation of excess weight. Many workers across the globe follow that work pattern, routinely working a night shift increases the risk of becoming obese or overweight.

Sleep disruption is responsible for the accumulation of excess weight, the human body is programmed to sleep when it is dark, allowing hormones that impact hunger and satiety to reset. When people are awake and working when they should be sleeping, the hormones related to hunger and satiety are active resulting in changes in eating, metabolism and a tendency to eat more than needed.

Sleep deprivation is a major stressor that should be avoided, working night shifts is working against natural biological clocks. According to the International Labour Organization, any schedule that requires working between 12 a.m. and 5 a.m. is considered night-shift work.

The review revealed that workers who are permanently assigned to overnight work are prone to accumulation of excess weight, compared with those who alternate between day and night shifts. The longer a worker engages in regular night-shift work, the higher the risk for gaining weight.

Abdominal obesity is linked to night-shift work, night-shift work is related to metabolic syndrome. The syndrome includes high blood pressure, high cholesterol and high triglyceride levels, and it drives up the risk for developing heart disease, diabetes and stroke.

According to the National Sleep Foundation, wakefulness naturally hits its lowest point between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m., at the center of a standard night shift. Night shifts also challenge a worker's ability to access good food and exercise regularly.
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High BMI and blood pressure cause heavy heart

Being overweight or obese creates damaging changes to the structure of the heart, the direct damage that carrying extra weight has on the heart's weight and size, and implicates a range of other modifiable risk factors including high blood pressure.

Researchers measured the effects of a range of lifestyle risk factors, including blood pressure, smoking status, body mass index BMI, exercise, cholesterol, alcohol intake and diabetes, on the four chambers of the heart. They discovered that risk factors could all have varying effects on the heart, but an overall increased heart weight was linked to overweight and obesity.

There is a link between high BMI and heart disease, this increases blood pressure, cholesterol and the risk of developing diabetes, which are all independent risk factors for heart disease. BMI and blood pressure led to heavier and bigger hearts, which increases the risk of heart problems, including heart attacks.

Being overweight, sedentary lifestyle, eating junk foods and having high blood pressure on the structure and function of the heart for a long period of time may lead to heart disease and heart failure which may leads to irreversible heart damage.
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Daily magnesium supplements reduces blood pressure

Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood in arteries that is required to keep blood flowing all over the body. High blood pressure occurs if the walls of the larger arteries lose the natural elasticity and become rigid, and the smaller blood vessels become narrower.

Taking a 300mg magnesium supplements reduce blood pressure, this can lowers hypertension and boosts blood flow. Magnesium cream could be used as an alternative to medication for high blood pressure. The cream boosts levels of magnesium in the blood.

Magnesium is a mineral that’s found naturally in many foods like leafy vegetables, almond, spinach, cashew, peanut, wheat cereal, soy milk, black beans and banana.

Magnesium in the body is responsible for production of protein, healthy bone formation, maintaining healthy heart and controlling blood sugar
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Mediterranean diet for acid reflux

Eating fish, vegetables, whole grains and drinking alkaline-heavy water can reduce acid reflux compared to proton pump inhibitors PPIs. Gastric reflux is the movement of stomach contents back up into the esophagus- the reversal of the normal flow.

This is due to a poorly functioning of the lower esophageal sphincter, a ring of muscle at the top of the stomach that normally shuts to stop the contents of the stomach leaking out and up the foodpipe.

The contents are mixed with the hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach lining to aid digestion, so they are highly acidic. As the acidic liquid moves up the esophagus, the result is inflammation, which can be severe and may cause both cramp-like spasm and pain- classic symptoms of reflux.

The diet consisted mostly of fruits, vegetables, grains and nuts and barely any dairy or meat including beef, chicken, fish, eggs and pork. Avoiding triggers of reflux like coffee, tea, alcohol, chocolate, fizzy drinks, fried and spicy food.

Patients on the plant-based diet also lost weight and needed fewer medicines for other conditions, including high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Patients who ate fish, vegetables and whole grains have greater reduction in symptoms than those on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Some of the patients treated with a plant-based diet and alkaline water have reduction in their Reflux Symptom Index RSI compared to patients taking PPI's.

The research focused on those with laryngopharyngeal reflux, this same diet regimen has implications to help patients with gastro-esophageal acid reflux- consists of fruits, vegetables, grains and nuts with near complete cessation of dairy and meats including beef, chicken, fish, eggs and pork. This is in addition to standard reflux diet precautions like avoiding coffee, tea, chocolate, soda, greasy and fried food, spicy foods, fatty foods and alcohol.

Plant-based diet approach with alkaline water and standard reflux precautions should either be attempted prior to the use of medication or with the short-term use of medication for more severe needs.
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