Antibiotics linked to higher death rate

A common antibiotic used to treat infections could be deadly for heart disease patients years after taking the drug. Clarithromycin, sold under the brand name Biaxin, is used to treat many skin, ear, sinus and lung infections.

People suffering from heart disease that took a two-week course of it had a significantly higher risk of heart attack or sudden death a year or more after they were treated for infection.

Clarithromycin belongs to a family of antibiotics called macrolides, which fight infections by blocking protein production in bacteria. Both clarithromycin and azithromycin-another common drug in the same family, sold as Z-Pak-are broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Respiratory infections have been shown, in some studies, to raise the risk of heart attack by as much as 17 percent, so it is key that heart disease patients get effective treatment for them quickly, but the FDA's trial suggests that clarithromycin could pose a similar risk to infection.
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Calcium and Vitamin D supplements not responsible for heart attack

New research from the University of Southampton has found no association between the use of calcium or vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular events such as heart attacks. Calcium and vitamin D supplements, which usually come in the forms of tablets, are widely used and have been generally viewed as relatively safe, but some researchers have previously raised concerns over potential links with cardiovascular disease.

Investigators from the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton (MRC LEU), used the internationally unique UK Biobank cohort, comprising over 500,000 men and women aged between 40 and 69 years, to explore relationships between use of calcium and vitamin D supplementation and the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks.

The analysis accounted for a wide range of other potential influences, and did not detect any statistically significant associations between use of the supplements and events such as heart attacks, hospital admission for angina, or related deaths.

Calcium and vitamin D supplements are widely used in the population, and are particularly appropriate for those at risk of deficiency in either nutrient. In this situation there is good evidence that they provide a modest reduction in fracture risk, although do not replace medications specifically licensed for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Vitamin D could prevent cardiovascular damage

A new study conducted by Ohio University scientists suggests that a little more sunlight might restore damage to cardiovascular system. The study shows that vitamin D3 which is made by the body naturally when skin is exposed to the sun can significantly restore the damage to the cardiovascular system caused by several diseases like hypertension, diabetes and atherosclerosis.

Vitamin D3 is associated with the bones. However, in recent years, in clinical settings people recognize that many patients who have a heart attack will have a deficiency of D3. It doesn't mean that the deficiency caused the heart attack, but it increased the risk of heart attack. Nanosensors shows that vitamin D3 can be beneficial, especially for the function and restoration of the cardiovascular system.

A major discovery from these studies is that vitamin D3 is a powerful stimulator of nitric oxide (NO), which is a major signaling molecule in the regulation of blood flow and the prevention of the formation of clots in the cardiovasculature. Additionally, vitamin D3 significantly reduced the level of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system. Treatment with vitamin D3 can significantly restore the damage to the cardiovascular system caused by several diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, while also reducing the risk of heart attack.

These studies, performed at Ohio University, are the first to identify the molecular mechanism of vitamin D3-triggered restoration of the function of damaged endothelium in the cardiovasculature. While these studies were performed using a cellular model of hypertension, the implication of vitamin D3 on dysfunctional endothelium is broader. The dysfunction of endothelium is a common denominator of several cardiovascular diseases, particularly those associated with ischemic events.

Vitamin D3 may be of clinical importance in the restoration of dysfunctional cardiac endothelium after heart attack, capillary endothelium after brain ischemia (stroke), hypovolemia, vasculopathy, diabetes and atherosclerosis. This suggestion is strongly supported by several clinical studies which indicate that vitamin D3 at doses higher than those currently used for the treatment of bone diseases, may be highly beneficial for the treatment of the dysfunctional cardiovascular system.
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Links between flu and heart attack

Chances of a heart attack are increased during the first seven days after detection of laboratory-confirmed influenza infection, according to a new study by researchers at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) and Public Health Ontario (PHO). Researchers found a significant association between acute respiratory infections, particularly influenza, and acute myocardial infarction.

The risk may be higher for older adults, patients with influenza B infections, and patients experiencing their first heart attack. The researchers also found elevated risk - albeit not as high as for influenza - with infection from other respiratory viruses. Influenza vaccination reduces cardiovascular events and mortality, support international guidelines that advocate for influenza immunization in those at high risk of a heart attack.

The researchers examined adult cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza infection from 2009 to 2014 and identified 332 patients who were hospitalized for a heart attack within one year of a laboratory-confirmed influenza diagnosis. People at risk of heart disease should take precautions to prevent respiratory infections, and especially influenza, through measures including vaccinations and handwashing.
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Alternative therapies for antibiotic resistance

Drug development strategies have focused on replacing antibiotics in extreme infections, such as sepsis, where every minute without an effective drug increases the risk of death. But the evolutionary process that brings forth antibiotic resistance doesn't happen nearly as often in those big infections as it does in the multitude of small ones like sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, and bladder infections.

 Antibiotic prescriptions against those smaller ailments account for about 90 percent of antibiotic use, and so are likely to be the major driver of resistance evolution. Bacteria that survive these many small battles against antibiotics grow in strength and numbers to become formidable armies in big infections, like those that strike after surgery.  It is advisable to give antibiotics less often and preserve their effectiveness for when they're really needed.

E. coli is widespread in the human gut, and some strains secrete enzymes that thwart antibiotics, while other strains don't.
 A broad-spectrum antibiotic can kill off more of the vulnerable, less dangerous bacteria, leaving the more dangerous and robust bacteria to propagate. Much too often, superbugs have made their way into hospitals in someone's intestines, where they had evolved high resistance through years of occasional treatment with antibiotics for small infections. Then those bacteria have infected patients with weak immune systems.

Drug developers facing dwindling antibiotic effectiveness against evolved bacteria have looked for multiple alternate treatments. Developing non-antibiotic therapies for strep throat, bladder infections, and bronchitis could prove easier, thus encouraging pharmaceutical investment and research.

For example, one particular kind of strep bacteria , group A streptococci, is responsible for the vast majority of bacterial upper respiratory infections. People often carry it without it breaking out. Strep bacteria secrete compounds that promote inflammation and bacterial spread. If an anti-virulence drug could fight the secretions, the drug could knock back the strep into being present but not sickening.

Strep infection can lead to rheumatic heart disease, a deadly condition that is very rare in the industrialized world. Some push-back against virulent bacteria until the body's immune system can take care of it. Developing a spray-on treatment with bacteriophages, viruses that attack bacteria can prevent the resistance.
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Fat distribution increases the risk of heart attack

It's not the amount of fat in the body but where it's stored that may increase the risk for heart attack, stroke and diabetes. People of the same weight or body mass index (BMI) may have different risk profiles, based on genetics, lifestyle and diet. In addition, body composition differs between men and women, with women having proportionately more fat and men having more muscle mass.

Fat distribution is an important determinant of cardiometabolic risk.  There are different body shapes, common descriptors of human body shapes, based on where fat tends to be stored in the body. In apple-shaped bodies, fat is distributed largely around the midsection, while in pear-shaped bodies, fat is distributed lower around the hips and thighs. The type of fat stored also plays a role in cardiometabolic risk. One type of fat-ectopic fat-is dangerous. It may be found in places such as the abdominal region, muscles, liver and other organs.

There are gender-based differences in body composition and ectopic fat depots and that these could be associated with gender-specific risk profiles for diseases like diabetes, heart disease and stroke, researchers examined overweight and obese men and women wit the same BMI who were otherwise healthy. After fasting overnight, the study participants underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and CT scans to determine body composition, as well as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for fat quantification and analysis.

The results showed that the women had a higher percentage of fat and more subcutaneous (below-the-skin) fat but lower lean mass, compared to men. However, men had more visceral adipose tissue (VAT), or ectopic fat depots located in the abdomen around the internal organs known as a "beer belly", and more ectopic fat in the muscles and liver. Obese men have relatively higher visceral fat, fat within muscle cells and liver fat, which are all risk factors for cardiometabolic disease, compared to women with the same BMI. However, men have higher muscle and lean mass, which are protective for cardiometabolic health.

Women have a higher relative amount of total body fat and higher superficial thigh fat, which is protective for cardiometabolic health. Compared to women, men had higher measures of cardiometabolic risk overall, but ectopic fat was not significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk in men. Ectopic fat in women, however, was strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk measures. The detrimental fat depots deep in the belly, muscles and liver are more damaging for cardiometabolic health in women compared to men.

The researchers looked at the relationship between sarcopenic obesity-or the loss of skeletal lean muscle mass in the presence of obesity and its relationship to cardiometabolic risk. Many factors can lead to sarcopenic obesity in young adults, particularly obesity and lack of exercise. Growth hormone helps to build muscle mass. Nutrition also plays an important role, and too little intake of protein can lead to muscle loss. The researchers studied  young, overweight and obese adults who were otherwise healthy.

Participants underwent DXA and CT scans and various metabolic tests. Results showed that having a lower lean muscle mass to BMI ratio was associated with cardiometabolic risk, and these effects were stronger in women than in men. Sarcopenic obesity may be an under-appreciated mechanism linking obesity to cardiometabolic disease.
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High levels of air pollution increases the risk of heart attack

People with certain blood types are more likely to suffer a heart attack when exposed to high levels of pollution, people who have A, B, or AB blood types have an 'elevated risk', compared to those with the O blood type. Pollution is linked to a raised chance of a heart attack but it is the first time that the risk has also been linked to blood type.

The risk of a heart attack or chest pain doubled for people of type A, B, or AB blood when pollution hits high levels. In comparison, the risk rose by 40 percent for those with type O, according to researchers. The primary mutation we studied differentiates between O blood types and non-O, which includes positive and negative A, B, and AB blood types.

Dozens of genes have been shown in large international studies to predict the onset of coronary artery disease in people who are free of the disease. But the vast majority of people won't have a heart attack unless they already have coronary artery disease. Nor is a heart attack a certainty even with heart disease.

 A level of pollution at which the increased risk occurred for people with non-O blood types is threshold 25 micrograms of pollution per cubic metre. At levels higher than 25 micrograms per cubic metre of pollution, the increase in risk is linear, while below that level there's little if any difference in risk. During a winter inversion, the PM2.5 pollution level can occasionally reach as high as 100 micrograms per cubic metre, but 50 to 60 is more typical.

The researchers found that people with type O blood also have higher risk of heart attack or unstable chest pain in times of high air pollution. Their level of risk is much smaller, at 10 per cent instead of the non-O blood type's 25 per cent per 10 additional micrograms per cubic metre.
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How the skin controlled blood pressure

Skin plays a surprising role in regulating blood pressure and heart rate, Skin is the largest organ, covering two square metres in humans - helps regulate blood pressure and heart rate in response to changes in the amount of oxygen available in the environment.

High blood pressure is associated with cardiovascular disease, such as heart attack and stroke. For the vast majority of cases of high blood pressure, there is no known cause. It is often associated with reduced flow of blood through small blood vessels in the skin and other parts of the body, a symptom which can get progressively worse if the hypertension is not treated.

Previous research has shown that when a tissue is starved of oxygen - as can happen in areas of high altitude, or in response to pollution, smoking or obesity, for example - blood flow to that tissue will increase. In such situations, this increase in blood flow is controlled in part by the 'HIF' family of proteins.

To investigate what role the skin plays in the flow of blood through small vessels, a team of researchers exposed mice to low-oxygen conditions. These mice had been genetically modified so that they are unable to produce certain HIF proteins in the skin.

The study was set up to understand the feedback loop between the skin and the cardiovascular system. By working with mice. Researchers were able to manipulate key genes involved in this loop. They discovered that in mice lacking one of two proteins in the skin HIF-1α or HIF-2α, the response to low levels of oxygen changed compared to normal mice and that this affected their heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature and general levels of activity.

Mice lacking specific proteins controlled by the HIFs also responded in a similar way.
In addition, the response of normal, healthy mice to oxygen starvation was more complex than expected. In the first ten minutes, blood pressure and heart rate rise, and this is followed by a period of 36 hours where blood pressure and heart rate decrease below normal levels. 48 hours after exposure to low levels of oxygen and blood pressure the heart rate levels had returned to normal.

Loss of the HIF proteins or other proteins involved in the response to oxygen starvation in the skin, was discovered to change when this process starts and how long it takes. Skin's response to low levels of oxygen may have substantial effects on how the heart pumps blood around the body.
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E-cigarette can cause lung diseases

E-cigarettes lead to as many lung diseases as tobacco products,
researchers compared saliva samples from tobacco smokers, e-cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. They found that e-cigarette smokers were likely to develop dangerous proteins associated with lung diseases such as COPD and cystic fibrosis and that the devices are not better for people than regular cigarettes.

E-cigarettes might not be the ideal alternative smokers addicted to tobacco are looking for. Previous research has proven that e-cigarettes can cause lifelong damage to the heart, one puff of an e-cigarette is all it takes to increase the risk of having a heart attack. E-cigarette smokers have elevated levels of neutrophil-extracellular-trap NET related proteins in their airways. NET proteins fight off pathogens, but increased levels of them can lead to inflammatory lung illnesses.

E-cigarettes are as dangerous as smoking - just ONE puff could be all it takes to increase the risk of a heart attack. E-cigarettes do inflict life-long damage on nonsmokers' hearts that is similar to tobacco cigarettes. Replacing tobacco products with e-cigarettes is dangerous, some of the flavoring agents and other products used in e-cigarettes are toxic.

The proteins are associated with COPD and cystic fibrosis, both of which make it hard for patients to breathe. E-cigarette smokers also have increased NET levels outside of their lungs, according to the study. This can cause cell death in tissues that line organs and blood vessels. E-cigarette smokers have an increased risk of suffering from bronchitis, asthma, bronchiectasis and wheezing. E-cigarettes is as bad as tobacco cigarettes
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High BMI and blood pressure cause heavy heart

Being overweight or obese creates damaging changes to the structure of the heart, the direct damage that carrying extra weight has on the heart's weight and size, and implicates a range of other modifiable risk factors including high blood pressure.

Researchers measured the effects of a range of lifestyle risk factors, including blood pressure, smoking status, body mass index BMI, exercise, cholesterol, alcohol intake and diabetes, on the four chambers of the heart. They discovered that risk factors could all have varying effects on the heart, but an overall increased heart weight was linked to overweight and obesity.

There is a link between high BMI and heart disease, this increases blood pressure, cholesterol and the risk of developing diabetes, which are all independent risk factors for heart disease. BMI and blood pressure led to heavier and bigger hearts, which increases the risk of heart problems, including heart attacks.

Being overweight, sedentary lifestyle, eating junk foods and having high blood pressure on the structure and function of the heart for a long period of time may lead to heart disease and heart failure which may leads to irreversible heart damage.
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How to turn scar tissue into healthy tissue

Limited therapeutic options and the heart's inability to regenerate healthy cells after heart attacks are parts of factors that cause sudden death in heart attack patients. Scientists are exploring ways to reprogram scar tissue cells into healthy heart muscle cells to reduce death.

Creation of cardiomyocytes with genetic signatures that closely mimic those found in healthy adult heart muscle cells can solve the problem. The other reprogramming approach leads to the creation of cardiomyocytes with more embryonic cell signatures.

The differences in the cardiomyocytes generated using these two methods are
Cardiomyocytes, the cells responsible for the beating of the heart, are essential to repairing the heart after injury. But after injury, such as a heart attack, many of these cells are irreversibly lost; they've been turned into scar tissue cells.

The replacement of these lost cells with patient-specific cardiomyocytes has gained attention as a potential therapy because existing healthy heart tissue better accepts these cells and because of increased recovery rates. Patient-specific cardiomyocytes also offer unique advantages for drug screens to help doctors identify each patient's drug type and dosage.

There are presently two widely practiced approaches to generate patient-specific cardiomyocytes.
In the first approach, an adult connective cell called a fibroblast is reprogrammed back into a naïve embryonic stem cell-like state. Once in this naïve state, the cell has the potential to develop into any cell type in the body, but scientists direct it to develop into a cardiomyocyte. These newly created cardiomyocytes are called induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes iPSC-CM.

In the second approach called direct cardiac reprogramming, a fibroblast is directly converted into a cardiomyocyte, without having to first be reprogrammed into a naïve embryonic stem cell. These new cardiomyocytes are called induced cardiomyocytes iCM. The researchers found that both methods resulted in cells with classic cardiomyocyte molecular features. However, by comparing the unique set of genes activated or not activated in each group of cells, the researchers found that iPSC-CMs more closely resembled embryonic cardiomyocytes, while iCMs more closely resembled adult cardiomyocytes.

Researchers also found that iPSC-CMs feature more active genes and a higher number of genes poised to be either activated or repressed a trait more commonly found in potent cells.
Metabolically, iPSC-CMs had a higher expression of glycolytic genes while iCMs had a higher expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, the primary means of energy production in adult hearts.

In iPSC-CMs, heart muscle cells called sarcomeres, which give the heart a striated look, were less organized than in iCMs. The contractibility of cardiomyocytes as measured by the intake and removal of calcium was also greater in iCMs, suggesting that iCM cells are more mature than iPSC-CM cells.
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Tension strengthens the heart

Depleted heart tissue regenerates itself in a wave in zebrafish led by a front of fast-moving, supersized cells and trailed by smaller cells that multiply to produce others. The nature of this wavefront and the success of the tissue regeneration that follows is determined by mechanical tension that acts upon the cells.

Manipulating the mechanical tension of the cells may develop new translational approaches. Human heart can not fully heal itself after a heart attack but the zebrafish heart can easily replace cells lost to damage or disease.

The researchers measured a number of properties of the cells in the regenerative wavefront. They discovered that the bigger leader cells migrated across the surface of the heart at higher speeds than the smaller follower cells.

When they measured the levels of tension experienced by the cells, they found that leader cells recoiled faster than follower cells when tiny incisions were applied, much like the surface of an inflated balloon retracts after bursting. The mechanical tension seems to keep the cells from dividing after DNA replication.

The researchers plan to use the zebrafish heart explant culture system to screen for small molecules that could potentially increase the regenerative capacity of heart tissues. Such chemicals could form the basis for new drugs to repair the damage caused by a heart attack or other cardiovascular diseases.

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HIV positive smokers may die of lungs cancer

HIV patients who smoke cigarettes are more likely to die from lung cancer than from HIV, antiviral drugs increased the life span of HIV patients
but there is no drug for preventing lung cancer that is as effective as antiretroviral therapy ART for HIV.

According to researchers, lung cancer prevention through smoking cessation should be a priority in taking care of people living with HIV. Researchers examined people with HIV who were current, former and never smokers.

They discovered that people who consistently take their anti-HIV medications but continue to smoke will die of lung cancer. Lung cancer is one of the leading killers of people with HIV, smoking and HIV put them at risk of developing lung cancer at a rate higher than smokers not infected with HIV.

Smoking and HIV are bad combination when it comes to lung cancer. Smoking cessation is one of the most important things that people living with HIV can do to improve their health and live longer. It will reduce their risk of lung cancer, heart attack, stroke, and emphysema.
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Cholesterol crystal are signs of impending heart attack

According to the latest research by cardiologist, cholesterol crystals are responsible for obstructing the coronary arteries of patients who had suffered a heart attack.

These crystals are released from plaque that can build up in the heart and is often made up of fat, calcium and other substances. When this material hardens over time in the arteries, it's known as atherosclerosis.

When cholesterol goes from a liquid to a solid, or crystal state, it expands in volume. This expansion inside the wall of the artery can tear it and block blood flow resulting into a heart attack or stroke.

Researchers discovered clusters of large crystals in the arteries of patients suffering from heart attack, this crystals are released into the heart and it damaged the heart by blocking blood flow.

Cholesterol crystals activated the production of inflammation molecules, known as Interleukin-1 beta, which inflame coronary arteries. The use of statin drugs can lower cholesterol. Canakinumab drug can also block the Interleukin-1 beta inflammation molecule and reduce the chances of a cardiac event.

 Controlling cholesterol by eating a healthy diet, engaging in exercise and taking statin medications as recommended could prevent crystals from forming and reduce the risk of heart attack.
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Gata4 repairs a broken heart

Blood flow to the heart ceased during heart attack, this leads to death of the heart muscles, heart muscle does not regenerate; it replaces dead tissue with scars made of fibroblasts that do not pump blood to the heart.

People who had severe heart attack will develop heart failure, restoring cardiac function by reprogramming scar tissue into cardiomyocyte-like can reduce risk of heart failure.

Researchers has shown that applying a cocktail made of transcription factors Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5 GMT results in less scar tissue, or fibrosis, and up to a fifty percent increase in cardiac function in small animal models of the disease.

This result was presumed to be mostly a consequence of the reprograming of heart fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells. They noticed that reduced fibrosis and improved cardiac function far exceeded the extent of induced new cardiomyocyte-like cells.

The research team investigated how the GMT cocktail activated mechanisms that reduced fibrosis. They discovered that of the three components in the GMT cocktail, only Gata4 was able to reduce post-heart attack fibrosis and improve cardiac function in a rat model of heart attack.

Adding Gata4 to rat fibroblasts showed an reduced expression of Snail, the master gene of fibrosis. Gata4 plays a complex role in heart regeneration: as part of the GMT cocktail, it contributes to the reprograming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells. It can also contributes to the development of an enlarged heart and decrease cardiac fibrosis.
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Calcium in arteries increases the risk of heart attack

High calcium buildup in the coronary arteries increases the risk of heart attack or stroke. Calcium in the coronary arteries may be a sign of coronary artery disease CAD.

Calcium accumulates in the arteries of the heart after plaque builds up and calcifies over time. People with calcium buildup in their blood vessels must take statins to reduce their risk of heart attack.

Coronary computed tomography CT scan of the chest and heart can reveal the levels of calcium accumulation in a patient. Age, sex, smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, and cholesterol levels are other factors that can contribute to heart attack.

The use of coronary computed tomography CT is recommended before using statins, because it will provide comprehensive look and state of the heart and related arteries. The result will dictate the use of statins.
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Dangers of sleeping pills

Sleeping pills pose the same threat as smoking a packet of cigarettes a day, it's linked to cancer and heart attack.

They cause infections, falling and dementia in the elderly, and they lose their effectiveness after a few weeks.

 The drugs block acetylcholine - which patients with Alzheimer's disease are believed to lack, causing them drowsiness.

 Researchers found the common pills may also increase the risk of contracting pneumonia.

Adults are advised to complete 150 minutes of such physical activity each week, with most choosing a brisk walk or gentle cycle.

Doing natural exercise, without the need to visit the gym, may provide the biggest benefits.

He added: 'I think trying to do it outside is also helpful, because bright light can help promote sleep.

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Effects of diabetes on vital organs

 The raised blood sugar levels that result from diabetes can cause a wide range of serious health issues. When people have diabetes, the body either does not make enough insulin or cannot use what it has effectively. As a result, the amount of sugar in the blood becomes higher than normal.

 Blood sugar is the main power source for the human body. It comes from the food people eat. The hormone insulin convert glucose into fuel. Diabetes may
cause complications in the circulatory system, which can lead to heart attack and stroke.

Diabetes can damage large blood vessels, causing macrovascular disease.
It can also damage small blood vessels, causing what is called microvascular disease. Microvascular disease can
cause eye, kidney, and nerve problems.

Excess blood sugar decreases the elasticity of blood vessels and causes them to narrow, impeding blood flow.
When people have diabetes, they can develop nerve damage because the blood vessels can not supply enough oxygen.

Nerve damage usually happens some 25 years or more after diagnosis. The most common form is peripheral neuropathy which causes pain and numbness in toes, feet, legs, and arms.

Over time, high blood sugar levels damage blood vessels in the kidneys. This damage prevents the kidneys from filtering waste out of the blood.
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, diabetes is one of the major
causes of kidney disease.

Diabetes is the most frequently identified cause of gastroparesis. This is a condition that causes the stomach to slow the movement of food into the small intestine.

A person with gastroparesis may experience symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, and acid reflux.
Gastroparesis may cause: nausea, vomiting, acid reflux, bloating, abdomen pain and weight loss

Diabetes can interfere with the body's ability to send and implement responses to sexual stimuli. It can cause erectile dysfunction in men. If you have
diabetes, you can manage it by monitoring your glucose level and working closely with your health providers.

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Taking pain killers increases the risk of heart attack

Taking ibuprofen or other common painkillers for only one week increases the risk of a heart attack.

Data from 450,000 patients has linked five forms of painkillers – ibuprofen, celecoxib, diclofenac, naproxen, and rofecoxib – to heart problems.

People who take strong doses of the drugs – called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – are at risk of developing heart attack.

The researchers from the University of Montreal stressed that because most people have only a small risk of a heart attack to start with, the absolute risk of an attack directly contributed to taking NSAIDs is only about 1 per cent a year.

Taking  ibuprofen for a week had a 48 per cent increased relative risk of a heart attack, those who took celecoxib saw a 24 per cent increase, diclofenac 50 per cent, naproxen 53 per cent and refecoxib 58 per cent.

Using ibuprofen for one month increases the risk of heart attack to 75 per cent. Researchers said the drug may cause arteries to constrict, increase fluid retention and raise blood pressure.

Alternative theories include the possibility that they encourage the clumping of platelets and formation of blood clots. People must be aware of the
risk of pain killers drugs and consider alternative drugs to treat pain.

New drug for heart attack damage

Heart attack can leads to heart failure. During heart attack, heart suffers enlargement and scarring. Hormone
used by body builders can prevent scarring and enlargement of heart after attack.

Cork University Hospital examined 50 heart attack patients and discovered that the heart of those that used higher dose of IGF1 -( insulin-like growth factor) prevented them from experiencing heart failure.

Different people were selected to use two different low doses of IGF1, after using the drug, their scans results shows that 16 people that used the drug did not have enlargement of heart muscle and scarring after two months.

Repairing the heart after attack can prevent heart failure, and this will prevent sudden death of affected people, the research has been recognized and peer reviewed by the European Society of Cardiology.