High levels of air pollution increases the risk of heart attack

People with certain blood types are more likely to suffer a heart attack when exposed to high levels of pollution, people who have A, B, or AB blood types have an 'elevated risk', compared to those with the O blood type. Pollution is linked to a raised chance of a heart attack but it is the first time that the risk has also been linked to blood type.

The risk of a heart attack or chest pain doubled for people of type A, B, or AB blood when pollution hits high levels. In comparison, the risk rose by 40 percent for those with type O, according to researchers. The primary mutation we studied differentiates between O blood types and non-O, which includes positive and negative A, B, and AB blood types.

Dozens of genes have been shown in large international studies to predict the onset of coronary artery disease in people who are free of the disease. But the vast majority of people won't have a heart attack unless they already have coronary artery disease. Nor is a heart attack a certainty even with heart disease.

 A level of pollution at which the increased risk occurred for people with non-O blood types is threshold 25 micrograms of pollution per cubic metre. At levels higher than 25 micrograms per cubic metre of pollution, the increase in risk is linear, while below that level there's little if any difference in risk. During a winter inversion, the PM2.5 pollution level can occasionally reach as high as 100 micrograms per cubic metre, but 50 to 60 is more typical.

The researchers found that people with type O blood also have higher risk of heart attack or unstable chest pain in times of high air pollution. Their level of risk is much smaller, at 10 per cent instead of the non-O blood type's 25 per cent per 10 additional micrograms per cubic metre.
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Blood group and risk of cardiovascular diseases

Researchers have discovered that people with A, B, and AB blood types may be at risk of cardiovascular heart attack than people with O blood types.

Lead study author Tessa Kole, of the University Medical Centre Groningen in the Netherlands, and colleagues say that their discovery suggest that healthcare professionals should consider a person's blood group when checking their cardiovascular risk.

Malnutrition, sedentary lifestyle and smoking can increase risk of heart attack. However, some risk factors like age, gender, and a family history of heart disease can not be changed but managed.

Researchers suggested blood type based on the last research, non-O blood group
are at 9 percent greater risk of cardiovascular disease.

Kole and team discovered this  by conducting a meta-analysis of studies that reported participants' blood types and the cases of different cardiovascular events.

The researchers used data of 1.3 million adult's data to assess how each blood group might impact the risk of different coronary events.

The team identified 771,113 individuals with a non-O blood group and 519,743 individuals with an O blood group in the analysis of all coronary events.

Among people with a non-O blood group, 1.5 percent experienced a coronary event, compared with 1.4 percent of people with an O blood group.

Having a non-O blood group is associated with a 9 percent increased risk of coronary events and a 9 percent increased risk of cardiovascular events,
Blood group  should be considered in cardiovascular risk assessments.