E-cigarette can cause lung diseases

E-cigarettes lead to as many lung diseases as tobacco products,
researchers compared saliva samples from tobacco smokers, e-cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. They found that e-cigarette smokers were likely to develop dangerous proteins associated with lung diseases such as COPD and cystic fibrosis and that the devices are not better for people than regular cigarettes.

E-cigarettes might not be the ideal alternative smokers addicted to tobacco are looking for. Previous research has proven that e-cigarettes can cause lifelong damage to the heart, one puff of an e-cigarette is all it takes to increase the risk of having a heart attack. E-cigarette smokers have elevated levels of neutrophil-extracellular-trap NET related proteins in their airways. NET proteins fight off pathogens, but increased levels of them can lead to inflammatory lung illnesses.

E-cigarettes are as dangerous as smoking - just ONE puff could be all it takes to increase the risk of a heart attack. E-cigarettes do inflict life-long damage on nonsmokers' hearts that is similar to tobacco cigarettes. Replacing tobacco products with e-cigarettes is dangerous, some of the flavoring agents and other products used in e-cigarettes are toxic.

The proteins are associated with COPD and cystic fibrosis, both of which make it hard for patients to breathe. E-cigarette smokers also have increased NET levels outside of their lungs, according to the study. This can cause cell death in tissues that line organs and blood vessels. E-cigarette smokers have an increased risk of suffering from bronchitis, asthma, bronchiectasis and wheezing. E-cigarettes is as bad as tobacco cigarettes
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Microbes compete for nutrients and hinder metabolism

Choline is a water soluble nutrient, it supports energy, brain function and keeps the metabolism active. It contributes to resources that cells used to make modifications to DNA, and with less choline the cell's ability to modify and regulate genes can be impaired.

Tissues from the liver to the brain had altered epigenetic patterns in mice with high levels of choline-eating microbes.
Epigenetic modifications change how genes are expressed. The nutritional demand for the nutrient increases during pregnancy to support epigenetic regulation and cellular health in the developing fetus, and studies have linked choline deficiency during pregnancy in humans with altered behavior in children.

 Choline is found in high amounts in soybeans, eggs, meat, fish, cauliflower, milk and other foods. To test whether microbiomes could compete with their hosts for the nutrient. Researchers used germ-free mice that were colonized with defined populations of microbes to test whether microbiomes could compete with their hosts for the nutrient.

Some mice had choline eaters; others had communities where choline consumption was disrupted by mutating a single gene. When the mice were fed with a high-fat diet, which induces a range of metabolic diseases in mice, the animals with choline-eating microbes added more abdominal fat, and had fattier livers, than their counterparts with microbes that couldn't eat choline.

The offspring of mice with choline-eating bacteria had altered epigenetic patterns in their brains, suggesting problems with normal development. In mice that were genetically susceptible to behavioral problems, those that had choline-eating microbes showed anxious behaviors.

Epigenetic regulation explains the negative effects of choline-eating microbiomes, the byproduct of bacterial choline metabolism, known as Trimethylamine N-oxide TMAO, is also linked to negative outcomes. In another experiments, researchers observed much higher levels of TMAO in the mice that hosted choline-eating bacteria.

The toxic TMAO might work together with disrupted epigenetic patterns to create the long list of metabolic and developmental disruptions seen in these animals. The toxic effects of TMAO accumulation also complicate potential dietary remedies, more choline in the diet might lead to more TMAO rather than fixing nutritional shortages.
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Autoimmunity contributes to Parkinson's disease

 Autoimmunity  is when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative movement disorder.
Malfunctioning immune system contributes to Parkinson's disease.

Two fragments of alpha-synuclein, a protein that accumulates in the brain cells of Parkinson's disease patients can activate the T cells involved in autoimmune attacks.

Dopamine neurons that are affected by Parkinson's disease are vulnerable because they have proteins on the cell surface that help the immune system recognize foreign substances.

 Researchers examined blood samples from 67 Parkinson's disease patients and 36 healthy controls to fragments of alpha-synuclein and other proteins found in neurons.

 The immune response was associated with a common form of a gene found in the immune system, which may explain why many people with Parkinson's disease carry this gene variant.

 Immunotherapy can be used to increase the immune system's tolerance for alpha-synuclein, which could help to prevent worst condition of Parkinson's disease.

      haleplushearty.blogspot.com

Facts about Lupus

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks it's tissues and organs.

Lupus erythematous is the most common type of lupus.

It can damage the skin, joints, brain, lungs, heart, kidneys and blood vessels.

Common symptoms are: headache, fatigue, inflammation, joints pain, memory loss and butterfly rash

It is not contagious.

It is common among women buy it can affects men and women. It can attack at any age but common between age 15 and 44.

It raises the risk of Infections, cancer and pregnancy complications.

Doctors believe that lupus results from both genetic and environmental stimuli.

Immunosuppressant is one of the treatments of lupus.

Presently, there is no cure for lupus, its symptoms can be controlled by medications.