Symdeko for treating cystic fibrosis

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Symdeko (ivacaftor/tezacaftor tablets and ivacaftor tablets) for treating the underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) in people ages 12 and older who have two copies of the F508del mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene or who have at least one mutation that is responsive to tezacaftor/ivacaftor.

Do not take Symdeko if you take certain medicines or herbal supplements such as: antibiotics such as rifampin (Rifamate, Rifater) or rifabutin (Mycobutin) seizure medicines such as phenobarbital, carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol, Equetro), or phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek)

Symdeko consists of 2 different tablets. The yellow tablet is marked with ‘V100’ and contains the medicines tezacaftor and ivacaftor. Take one yellow tablet in the morning. The light blue tablet is marked with ‘V150’ and contains the medicine ivacaftor. Take one light blue tablet in the evening. Take the yellow tablet and the light blue tablet about 12 hours apart.

Always take Symdeko with food that contains fat. Foods like egg, butter, peanut butter, cheese, pizza, and whole-milk dairy products such as whole milk, cheese, and yogurt. If you miss a dose and it is six hours or less from the time you usually take the yellow tablet in the morning or the light blue tablet in the evening, take the missed dose with food that contains fat as soon as you can. Then take your next dose at your usual time and it is more than six hours from the time you usually take the yellow tablet in the morning or the light blue tablet in the evening, do not take the missed dose. Take your next dose at the usual time with food that contains fat. Do not take more than usual dose to make up for a missed dose.

Symdeko can cause dizziness in some people who take it. Do not drive a car, use machinery, or do anything that needs you to be alert until you know how Symdeko affects you. Avoid food or drink that contains grapefruit or Seville oranges while you are taking Symdeko. It can cause serious side effects, including: high liver enzymes in the blood.

Call your doctor right away if you have any of the following symptoms of liver problems:pain or discomfort in the upper right stomach (abdominal) area, yellowing of your skin or the white part of your eyes, loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting, dark amber-colored urine. Abnormality of the eye lens (cataract) in some children and adolescents treated with Symdeko or treated with ivacaftor alone. If you are a child or adolescent, your doctor should perform eye examinations before and during treatment to look for cataracts. The most common side effects include: headache, nausea, sinus congestion and dizziness.
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Biktarvy for treating HIV-1 infection

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Biktarvy (bictegravir 50mg/emtricitabine 200mg/tenofovir alafenamide 25mg, BIC/FTC/TAF), a once-daily single tablet regimen (STR) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Biktarvy combines the novel, unboosted integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) bictegravir, with the demonstrated safety and efficacy profile of the Descovy (FTC/TAF) dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone, and is the smallest INSTI-based triple-therapy STR available.

Biktarvy is indicated as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults who have no antiretroviral treatment history or to replace the current antiretroviral regimen in those who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen for at least three months with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to the individual components of Biktarvy. No dosage adjustment of Biktarvy is required in patients with estimated creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 30 mL per minute.

Biktarvy does not require testing for HLA-B*5701, has no food intake requirements, and has no baseline viral load or CD4 count restrictions. According to Biktarvy’s Prescribing Information, prior to or when initiating treatment with Biktarvy, healthcare providers should test for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and renal function, and monitor renal function as clinically appropriate during therapy.

In clinical trials through 48 weeks, no patients taking the regimen of bictegravir plus FTC/TAF developed treatment-emergent resistance, results that were observed both in people new to therapy and those who were virologically suppressed and chose to switch regimens. The most common adverse reactions in patients taking Biktarvy were diarrhea, nausea and headache.

Biktarvy does not cure HIV infection or AIDS. Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B have been reported in patients who are coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV and have discontinued products containing emtricitabine (FTC) and/or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and may occur with discontinuation of Biktarvy.

Closely monitor hepatic function with both clinical and laboratory follow-up for at least several months in patients who are coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV and discontinue Biktarvy. If appropriate, anti-hepatitis B therapy may be warranted. Coadministration: Do not use Biktarvy with dofetilide or rifampin. Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥5%; all grades) in clinical studies were diarrhea (6%), nausea (5%), and headache (5%).
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Drug for breast cancer gene

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Friday approved drug  for treating metastatic breast cancers linked to the BRCA gene mutation. These mutated genes, called BRCA1 and BRCA2, first came to prominence in five years ago. According to FDA, expanding approval of Lynparza (olaparib) to include use against BRCA-linked tumors that have spread beyond the breast. Lynparza is one of a group of powerful new cancer drugs known as PARP inhibitors, and it's the first such drug to be approved for use against breast cancer.

 This approval demonstrates the current paradigm of developing drugs that target the underlying genetic causes of a cancer, often across cancer types. BRCA mutations are involved in up to one in every four breast cancers that are thought to have a hereditary component. These aberrant genes are also implicated in between 5 and 10 percent of non-hereditary breast tumors. When it's functioning properly, BRCA actually helps repair damaged cellular DNA and prevent tumors, but when BRCA1 and BRCA2 go awry they instead encourage breast cancers.

PARP inhibitor medicines such as Lynparza appear to interfere with the function of mutated BRCA with breast cells, causing them to die rather replicate-slowing tumor growth. The safety and effectiveness of Lynparza for women with advanced BRCA-linked breast cancers was established after a trial on patients. The trial measured the length of time the tumors did not have significant growth after treatment. The median progression-free survival for patients taking Lynparza was 7 months compared to 4.2months for patients taking chemotherapy only.

Common side effects of Lynparza include anemia, low white blood cell counts, nausea, fatigue, vomiting, headache, joint pain, increased susceptibility to colds and other respiratory tract infections, and other effects. Because Lynparza can harm a developing fetus, women are advised to use contraception while on the drug. Women should also not breast-feed while using Lynparza.
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Clenpiq for Colonoscopy Prep

Food and Drug Administration FDA has granted approval of Clenpiq (sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and anhydrous citric acid) oral solution for cleansing of the colon in adults undergoing a colonoscopy. Colonoscopies can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer and deaths associated with this disease. Successful bowel prep is critical for gastroenterologists to clearly see the inside of the colon during a colonoscopy.

The sheer volume of a prescribed bowel prep solution can be a barrier for some patients to adequately complete their prep regimen, leading to suboptimal visualization of the colon, A ready-to-drink, low volume colonoscopy prep in a pre-mixed oral solution is an excellent start to prepare patients for this important procedure to detect and prevent colorectal cancer.

Clenpiq is a ready-to-drink cranberry-flavored, dual-acting, combination of sodium picosulfate, a stimulant laxative, and magnesium oxide and anhydrous citric acid, which forms magnesium citrate, an osmotic laxative indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults.

Clenpiq is contraindicated in the following conditions: patients with severe renal impairment (creatnine clearance less than 30mL/minute), gastrointestinal obstruction or ileus, bowel perforation, toxic colitis or toxic megacolon, gastric retention, or in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in Clenpiq.

Patients should be advised to hydrate adequately (before, during and after use of Clenpiq), and post-colonoscopy lab tests should be considered if a patient develops significant vomiting or signs of dehydration, including orthostatic hypotension, after taking Clenpiq. Patients with electrolyte abnormalities should have them corrected before treatment. The most common adverse reactions in those trials were nausea, headache, and vomiting.
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Juluca for treating virologically suppressed HIV-1 Infection

FDA Approves Juluca (dolutegravir and rilpivirine) for the maintenance and treatment of virologically suppressed HIV-1 Infection. This is the first complete treatment regimen containing only two drugs to treat certain adults with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) instead of three or more drugs included in standard HIV treatment.

Juluca is a fixed-dose tablet containing two previously approved drugs (dolutegravir and rilpivirine) to treat adults with HIV-1 infections whose virus is currently suppressed on a stable regimen for at least six months, with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to the individual components of Juluca.

Limiting the number of drugs in any HIV treatment regimen can reduce toxicity for patients, HIV weakens a person’s immune system by destroying important cells that fight disease and infection. Juluca’s safety and efficacy in adults were evaluated in two clinical trials of 1,024 participants whose virus was suppressed on their current anti-HIV drugs.

 Participants were randomly assigned to continue their current anti-HIV drugs or to switch to Juluca. Results showed Juluca was effective in keeping the virus suppressed and comparable to those who continued their current anti-HIV drugs. The most common side effects in patients taking Juluca were diarrhea and headache.

Serious side effects include skin rash and allergic reactions, liver problems and depression or mood changes. Juluca should not be given with other anti-HIV drugs and may have drug interactions with other commonly used medications.
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Fasenra for treating severe Eosinophilic Asthma

The US Food and Drug Administration has approved Fasenra (benralizumab) for the add-on maintenance treatment of patients with severe asthma aged 12 years and older, and with an eosinophilic phenotype. Fasenra has a strong clinical profile which includes the ability to show lung function improvement after the first dose, the potential to reduce – or even stop - oral steroid use, and the convenience of 8-week dosing.

Fasenra also treats a distinct patient phenotype, helping physicians select the right patient in clinical practice with more confidence. Fasenra is the only respiratory biologic that provides direct, rapid and near-complete depletion of eosinophils within 24 hours, as observed in a Phase II study. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that are a normal part of the body’s immune system. Elevated levels of eosinophils, seen in about half of severe asthma patients, impact airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness, resulting in increased asthma severity and symptoms, decreased lung function and increased risk of exacerbations.

Fasenra binds directly to the IL-5α receptor on an eosinophil and uniquely attracts natural killer cells to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death). Fasenra will be available as a subcutaneous injection via a prefilled syringe administered once every 4 weeks for the first 3 doses, and then once every 8 weeks thereafter. Fasenra is indicated for the add-on maintenance treatment of patients with severe asthma aged 12 years and older, and with an eosinophilic phenotype.

Fasenra is not indicated for treatment of other eosinophilic conditions Hypersensitivity reactions like anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria, rash have occurred after administration of Fasenra. These reactions generally occur within hours of administration, but in some instances have a delayed onset. Discontinue in the event of a hypersensitivity reaction. It is unknown if Fasenra will influence a patient’s response against helminth infections.

Treat patients with pre-existing helminth infections before initiating therapy with Fasenra. If patients become infected while receiving Fasenra and do not respond to anti-helminth treatment, discontinue Fasenra until infection resolves. The most common adverse reactions include headache and pharyngitis. Injection site reactions like pain, erythema, pruritus, papule occurred at a rate of 2.2% in patients treated with Fasenra compared with 1.9% in patients treated with placebo.
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Cinvanti for treating chemotherapy - induced nausea and vomiting

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Cinvanti (aprepitant) injectable emulsion, for intravenous infusion. Cinvanti is a substance P/neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist, indicated in adults, in combination with other antiemetic agents, for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy (HEC) including high-dose cisplatin and nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy (MEC).

Cinvanti is the first and only polysorbate 80-free, intravenous formulation of an NK1 receptor antagonist indicated for the prevention of acute and delayed CINV. Cinvanti is the first intravenous formulation to directly deliver aprepitant, the active ingredient in Emend® capsules. Aprepitant (including its prodrug, fosaprepitant) is the only single-agent NK1 receptor antagonist to significantly reduce CINV in both the acute phase (0 – 24 hours after chemotherapy) and the delayed phase (24 – 120 hours after chemotherapy).

Cinvanti does not contain polysorbate 80 or any other synthetic surfactant. Pharmaceutical formulations containing polysorbate 80 have been linked to hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and irritation of blood vessels resulting in infusion-site pain. Cinvanti was approved based on data demonstrating the bioequivalence of Cinvanti to Emend IV® (fosaprepitant), supporting its efficacy for the prevention of acute and delayed CINV following HEC and MEC.
Results from 2 pivotal randomized, cross-over bioequivalence studies of Cinvanti and Emend IV showed subjects receiving Cinvanti reported fewer adverse events than those receiving Emend IV, including substantially fewer infusion-site reactions.

Cinvanti is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any of the components of Cinvanti. Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock, have been reported with fosaprepitant, a prodrug of aprepitant, and with oral aprepitant. Symptoms including flushing, erythema, dyspnea, hypotension and syncope have been reported. If symptoms occur, discontinue Cinvanti. Do not reinstate if symptoms occur with first-time use. Use of pimozide with Cinvanti is contraindicated due to the risk of significantly increased plasma concentrations of pimozide, potentially resulting in prolongation of the QT interval, a known adverse reaction of pimozide.

Use of Cinvanti may result in clinically significant CYP3A4 Drug Interactions. Aprepitant is a substrate, weak-to-moderate (dose-dependent) inhibitor, and an inducer of CYP3A4. Use with other drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates may result in increased plasma concentration of the concomitant drug. Use of Cinvanti with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, diltiazem) may increase plasma concentrations of aprepitant and result in an increased risk of adverse reactions related to Cinvanti.

Avoid use of Cinvanti in pregnant women as alcohol is an inactive ingredient for Cinvanti. There is no safe level of alcohol exposure in pregnancy. No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. There are no clinical or pharmacokinetic data in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score greater than 9). Additional monitoring for adverse reactions in these patients may be warranted when Cinvanti is administered.

In general, use caution when dosing elderly patients as they have a greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function and concomitant disease or other drug therapy. The most common adverse reactions with the 3-day oral aprepitant regimen in conjunction with MEC were fatigue and eructation. The most common adverse reactions with the single-dose intravenous fosaprepitant regimen in conjunction with HEC were generally similar to that seen in prior HEC studies with oral aprepitant. The most common adverse reactions with a single-dose of Cinvanti were headache and fatigue.

While chemotherapy is one of the most effective and commonly used therapies to help patients fight cancer, it is accompanied by debilitating side effects, including varying degrees of nausea and vomiting, often attributed as a leading cause of premature discontinuation of cancer treatment. The goal of antiemetic therapy is to prevent CINV in both the acute phase (0 – 24 hours after chemotherapy) and delayed phase (24 – 120 hours after chemotherapy). The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) have categorized chemotherapy regimens based on the degree to which they cause nausea and vomiting: low emetogenic chemotherapy (LEC); moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC); and highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC).
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Fluticasone for nose congestion

Fluticasone is a steroid, it prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation. Fluticasone nasal is used to treat nose congestion, sneezing, runny nose, itchy or watery eyes caused by seasonal allergies.

This drug can be used by adults and children who are at least 4 years old.
Fluticasone can weaken the immune system, making the user prone to an infection. The usual dose of fluticasone nasal is 1 to 2 sprays into each nostril once per day. The dose may change after symptoms improvement; follow all dosing instructions carefully.

An overdose of fluticasone nasal is not expected to produce life threatening symptoms. However, long term use of high steroid doses can lead to thinning skin, easy bruising, changes in the shape or location of body fat, increased acne or facial hair, menstrual problems, impotence, or loss of interest in sex.

Fluticasone nasal side effects are: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue and throat. Severe or ongoing nosebleeds, noisy breathing, runny nose, or crusting around your nostrils; redness, sores, or white patches in your mouth or throat;
fever, chills, weakness, nausea, vomiting, flu symptoms; blurred vision, eye pain, headache and cough.
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Mvasi drug for cancer treatment

Mvasi is the first biosimilar approved for the treatment of multiple types of cancer. The is approved for the treatment of adult patients with colorectal, lung, brain, kidney and cervical cancers.

Common side effects of Mvasi include nose bleeds, headache, high blood pressure, inflammation of the nasal cavity, high levels of protein in the urine, taste alteration, dry skin, rectal bleeding, excessive tear production back pain and skin irritation.

Serious side effects of Mvasi include holes in or abnormal connection between two organs, blood clot formation, hypertension, problems in brain function or structure, high levels of protein in the urine and ovarian failure.
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Vabomere for treatment of urinary tract infection

Vabomere drug for treating complicated urinary tract infections cuticles, including a type of kidney infection, pyelonephritis, caused by specific bacteria.

 Vabomere is a drug containing meropenem, an antibacterial, and vaborbactam, which inhibits certain types of resistance mechanisms used by bacteria.

The most common adverse reactions in patients taking Vabomere were headache, infusion site reactions and diarrhea. Vabomere is associated with serious risks including allergic reactions and seizures.

Vabomere should not be used in patients with a history of anaphylaxis, a type of severe allergic reaction to products in the class of drugs called beta-lactams.

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of antibacterial drugs, Vabomere should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria.

Vabomere was designated as a qualified infectious disease product QIDP.  This designation is given to antibacterial products that treat serious or life-threatening infections.
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Benznidazole drug for treating American trypanosomiasis

Benznidazole belongs to a group of medicines called antiprotozoals. It is used to treat an infection called American trypanosomiasis.
Benznidazole works by killing the protozoa.

Take the medicine with meals, after breakfast and after supper, to decrease the chance of stomach upset. If you get an upset stomach (diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, or vomiting) and it continues, check with your doctor.

Although rare, Benznidazole can lower the number of white blood cells in the blood, increasing the chance of getting an infection. It can also lower the number of platelets, which are necessary for proper blood clotting.

Common side effects of this drug are-
Convulsions (seizures); numbness, tingling pain, or weakness in hands or feet; reddish discoloration of skin,
fever or chills; pinpoint red spots on skin; skin rash; sore throat; unusual bleeding or bruising.

Other side effects are- abdominal or stomach pain; diarrhea; nausea; vomiting, confusion; dizziness; headache; restlessness; temporary loss of memory; trouble in sleeping; difficulty concentrating; unusual tiredness and fatigue.
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Powerful potential pain reliever drug

Pain signals travel from the injured area to spinal cord and to the brain, chronic pain is different from typical pain. Chronic pain is an experience of continuous pain even after an injury heals and it may last for weeks. The pain may be sharp or dull, causing a burning or aching sensation in the affected areas. It may be steady or intermittent.

Chronic pain occurred when nerves in the central nervous system are damaged, it can occur in any part of the body. Some of the most common types of chronic pain are: headache, post-trauma pain, lower back pain, arthritis pain, neurogenic pain and psychogenic pain.

The synthetic compound, called UKH-1114, is effective at relieving neuropathic pain in injured mice as a drug widely used for pain relief called gabapentin, but it works at a much lower dose, with longer duration of action.

UKH1114 binds to a receptor on cells throughout the central nervous system called the sigma 2 receptor. Researchers tested UKH-1114 on mice with nerve damage and found that it alleviated pain at a much lower dose and was effective much longer.
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Mavyret for treating chronic hepatitis C

Mavyret is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with chronic hepatitis C virus HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. It contains two medicines: glecaprevir and pibrentasvir.

If you have ever had hepatitis B virus infection, the hepatitis B virus could become active again during or after treatment of hepatitis C virus with Mavyret. Hepatitis B virus becoming active again may cause serious liver problems including liver failure and death.

The common side effects are headache and tiredness.

The active ngredients in Mavyret are: glecaprevir and pibrentasvir

Inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, copovidone (type K 28), croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose 2910, iron oxide red, lactose monohydrate, polyethylene glycol 3350, propylene glycol monocaprylate (type II), sodium stearyl fumarate, titanium dioxide, and vitamin E (tocopherol) polyethylene glycol succinate.
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Carospir for treating hypokalemia

Carospir (spironolactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic water pill that prevents body from absorbing too much salt and keeps potassium levels from getting too low.

Spironolactone is used to diagnose or treat a condition of too much aldosterone in the body. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by adrenal glands to regulate the salt and water balance in the body.

Spironolactone also treats fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, or a kidney disorder known as nephrotic syndrome.

 Spironolactone is used for treating or preventing low potassium levels in the blood. Avoid  spironolactone if you are allergic to the drug, have kidney disease, or if you are unable to urinate.

Common side effects are: mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, breast swelling or tenderness, dizziness, headache, mild drowsiness, leg cramps and impotence hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat.
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Arthritis drug for blood cancer treatment

Polycythemia Vera PV, is a blood cancer that causes an excess production of red blood cells. Common symptoms of PV are: itching, headache, weight loss, fatigue and night sweats.

Researchers have discovered that methotrexate MTX- a drug for treatment of arthritis can be useful for treating blood cancer.

 The drug works by directly inhibiting the molecular pathway causing the disease. Blood cancer could be treated with methotrexate MTX an arthritis drug.

Methotrexate acts as a potent suppressor in cells carrying the mutated gene responsible for myeloproliferative neoplasms MPNs in patients.

Low-dose of MTX suppresses JAnus kinase JAK/STAT Signal Transducer and Activation of Transcription pathway activity and is able to normalise the raised blood counts and the increase in spleen size associated with blood cancer.

Methotrexate MTX has the potential to provide a new molecularly targeted treatment for myeloproliferative neoplasms patients MNP
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Tremfya drug for treating plaque psoriasis

Plaque psoriasis is an inherited systemic inflammatory disease of immune dysfunction that causes plaques of elevated, scaling and inflamed skin.

The plaques are common on the scalp, elbows, and knees. Genetic and environmental factors are the most causes of the disease.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDAhas approved Tremfya (guselkumab), an interleukin-23 blocker for the treatment of adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

 Tremfya is a medicine that may lower the ability of immune system to fight infections and may increase risk of infections.

Tremfya is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who may benefit from taking injections or pills.

Common side effects of this drug are:
upper respiratory infections, joint pain,
fungal skin infections, headache and diarrhea.
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New drug for sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder in which the red blood cells are abnormally shaped. This restricts the flow in blood vessels and limits oxygen delivery to the body’s tissues, causing to severe pain and organ damage.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Endari (L- glutamine oral powder) for patients five years and above  with sickle cell disease to reduce severe complications associated with the blood disorder.

The average life expectancy for sickle cell patients is 40 to 60 years. Common side effects of Endari are constipation, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, cough and pain in the extremities
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Link between migraines and body mass index

Migraines are severe, painful headache disorder, common symptoms are: nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, sound or smell.

Physician suggested stress management, relaxation, regular exercise and eating regularly to manage symptoms of migraines.

Researchers examined 290,000 people and discovered that obese people had a 27 percent higher risk of migraine than the people with normal weight while underweight had 13 percent higher risk of migraine compared with  normal weight people.

According to Dr. Lee Peterlin of Johns Hopkins University School of medicine, a member of the American Academy of Neurology said age and sex were key variables in the correlation between migraine risk and body mass index.

Obesity and being underweight are possible risk factors for migraine, taking this into consideration will enhance effective treatment of migraine.

Types 2 diabetes is a sedentary lifestyle not a disease

Latest research shows that type 2 diabetes is a lifestyle condition not a real diseases, sedentary lifestyle contribute to type 2 diabetes.

Common symptoms of type 2 diabetes are: frequent urination, headache, fatigue, weight loss, increased thirst and hunger

The chances of developing type 2 diabetes increased with sedentary lifestyle, excess body fat, regular eating of processed food, consumption of alcohol, smoking  and little or no exercise.

Regular physical activities and eating of balanced diet can reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Facts about Lupus

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks it's tissues and organs.

Lupus erythematous is the most common type of lupus.

It can damage the skin, joints, brain, lungs, heart, kidneys and blood vessels.

Common symptoms are: headache, fatigue, inflammation, joints pain, memory loss and butterfly rash

It is not contagious.

It is common among women buy it can affects men and women. It can attack at any age but common between age 15 and 44.

It raises the risk of Infections, cancer and pregnancy complications.

Doctors believe that lupus results from both genetic and environmental stimuli.

Immunosuppressant is one of the treatments of lupus.

Presently, there is no cure for lupus, its symptoms can be controlled by medications.