Cell segregation prevents cancer spread

Proper development of organs leads to cells segregation. In many tissues, ephrins are present in one cell population and Eph receptors in the other.

When these cells come into contact, ephrins bind to their receptors, triggering signalling inside both cells that stops them from mixing.

 When cells of different types contacted each other, they rebounded in opposite directions, this repulsion is the main force separating the cell types to form different borders.

In a normal condition, N-cadherin suppresses repulsion between 'like' cells. This suppression is vital for 'like' cells to stick together, and to prevent them from invading 'non-like' cells enabling a sharp border to form between different cell.

Ephrins and their receptors work to keep cells in the right places, and the critical role of N-cadherin to keep like-cells together. But cancer cells cross borders and spread through the body.
          haleplushearty.blogspot.com

How to prevent type 1 diabetes

White blood cells make antibodies against pathogens or other invaders in healthy people. Pancreatic beta cells produce insulin, the hormone that provides fuel to the body's cells by transporting glucose.

 B lymphocytes plays a major role in activating the autoreactive T cells (T lymphocytes) that then destroy the pancreatic beta cells leading to type 1 diabetes.

These damaged cells fail to take glucose into cells, the glucose build up in the blood can damage nerves, blood vessels and organs.

The researchers used a gene manipulation approach to identify a potential metabolic target that would eliminate the B cells that initiate diabetes.

They demonstrated that non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice treated with a specific (AID/RAD51) pathway inhibitor had more of B cells that were capable of suppressing diabetogenic T cell and reduced T1D development.

Antibody production of B cells turn on the gene known as activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which acts as a molecular scissors that cut the chromosomes within the B-cell.

haleplushearty.blogspot.com

Impacts of proteins on immune system

Different genetic make-up can impact on the activity of the immune system and our ability to fight cancer.

Proteins are made up of thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains.

Proteins do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.

 A protein called ULBP6 leads to the removal of damaged cells. There are two types of this protein found in different people.

The ULBP6 protein is found on the surface of damaged cells, including several types of cancer cells, and acts as a signal to white cells in our immune system that the damaged cell should be killed.

There are two major types of protein in the population and people who inherit a certain subtype have been shown to have a poor outcome after stem cell transplantation, a procedure used to treat leukemia, which is commonly referred to as bone marrow treatment.

The two types of ULBP6 differ only by two amino acids out of a total of around 180 and it has important influence on patient outcomes. One form of ULBP6
 forms a very strong bond indeed with its receptor NKG2D on the immune system.

This shows why transplants work less well in some people, which is an important step on the path to developing better transplant therapy for more people living with blood cancer.

haleplushearty.blogspot.com

Causes of frequent urination in women

Urination is the release of urine from the bladder, frequent urination is the need to urinate more than normal.

Cleveland Clinic said the average person should urinate between six to eight times a day.

Some of the causes of frequent urination are: drinking too much water, diabetes, overactive bladder, urinary tract infection, pregnancy, menopause, obesity, weak pelvic floor organs and inflammatory bladder disorder.

Treatment for frequent urination depends on the cause, visit your doctor anytime you experience frequent urination.

Facts about Lupus

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks it's tissues and organs.

Lupus erythematous is the most common type of lupus.

It can damage the skin, joints, brain, lungs, heart, kidneys and blood vessels.

Common symptoms are: headache, fatigue, inflammation, joints pain, memory loss and butterfly rash

It is not contagious.

It is common among women buy it can affects men and women. It can attack at any age but common between age 15 and 44.

It raises the risk of Infections, cancer and pregnancy complications.

Doctors believe that lupus results from both genetic and environmental stimuli.

Immunosuppressant is one of the treatments of lupus.

Presently, there is no cure for lupus, its symptoms can be controlled by medications.

Drinking tea could prevent type 2 diabetes

Tea contains polyphenols, a compound that block absorption of sugar and lower glycemic index of sugar.

Polyphenols are micronutrients found in whole foods like spices, fruits, vegetables and cocoa, it prevents progression of diabetes and some cancer.

Insulin is the hormone that stores excess blood sugar before it damage blood vessels and vital organs in the body.

According to Dr Tim Bond, of Tea Advisory Panel, tea is the second most commonly consumed after water. Drink tea everyday to reduce your risk of diabetes.

Symptoms of metastatic breast cancer

Metastatic breast cancer is an advanced cancer that has spread to other organs in the body, if initial cancer treatments failed it can result into stage 4 cancer which can spread to brain, bones, lungs and liver.

Symptoms of the spread to bones are: pain, fractures, swelling and spinal cord compression.

Symptoms of the spread to liver are: loss of appetite, vomiting, nausea, bleeding, skin rash and pain.

Symptoms of the spread to brain are: headache, seizure, blurred vision, irrational behavior and nausea.

If it spreads to lungs it can cause chest pain, coughing of blood and shortness of breath.

Treatment
Systemic therapy or medication like chemotherapy and hormone therapy are required for treating metastatic cancer.

Foods for brainpower

Human brain is the most complex organ in the body, it's located in the head. It's the control center for every parts of the body.

All the organs in the body depend on brain for proper functioning, if the brain is sick it will affect the remaining organs in the body.

Eat these for healthy brain:
Beets, Blueberries, Oily Fish, Bone broth, Avocado, Walnut, Broccoli, Celery, Coconut oil, Egg yolk, Dark Chocolate, Rosemary, Salmon, Turmeric and Water.

Foods that kill brain cells are:
Sugar, Junk Food, Food Additives, Saturated Fats and Trans Fatty Acids.