Cell segregation prevents cancer spread

Proper development of organs leads to cells segregation. In many tissues, ephrins are present in one cell population and Eph receptors in the other.

When these cells come into contact, ephrins bind to their receptors, triggering signalling inside both cells that stops them from mixing.

 When cells of different types contacted each other, they rebounded in opposite directions, this repulsion is the main force separating the cell types to form different borders.

In a normal condition, N-cadherin suppresses repulsion between 'like' cells. This suppression is vital for 'like' cells to stick together, and to prevent them from invading 'non-like' cells enabling a sharp border to form between different cell.

Ephrins and their receptors work to keep cells in the right places, and the critical role of N-cadherin to keep like-cells together. But cancer cells cross borders and spread through the body.
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How bacteria in your mouth may suggest your cancer risk

Bacteria are tiny microorganisms that exist in group, human mouth can have more than 5 billion different bacteria; some are useful while some are harmful to human health.

Jiyoung  Ahn, an associate professor of epidemiology at the New York University school of medicine said people have microbes from the same five main group of bacteria but it may vary from one genus to another.

She said the variability of these bacteria in the month may be linked to people's cancer risk, her team of researchers discovered that people that have higher Porphyromonas  a type of bacteria are at risk of pancreatic cancer.

Earlier research shows that bacteria in the mouth can go throughout the body, interact with receptors on the cells and leads to cancer.