Colon cancer occurs in the large intestine or in the rectum, it develops slowly. An abnormal growth known as a polyp develops on the inner lining of the large intestine or rectum before the cancer growth.
Familial adenomatous polyposis, a devastating inherited disease that causes pre-cancerous polyps to grow in the intestine at a young age, often leading to the removal of portions of the colon to prevent cancer.
CtBP drives the actions of what are known ascancer stem cells, which are keys to cancer metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. CtBP is not mutated in colon cancer; instead, it is overexpressed to the point where the cancer depends on it for growth.
CtBP works to reprogram cells by repressing the expression of genes that typically prevent cancer through a form of cell suicide known as apoptosis while simultaneously promoting the expression of other genes that lead to cancer growth and metastasis.
The researchers found that CtBP can cause normal human cells to become cancerous when inserted into the cell's DNA. In mouse models of familial adenomatous, treatment with HIPP significantly reduced intestinal polyps and increased survival while mice bred without the CtBP gene lived twice as long as those with it.
HIPP acted as a chemical to prevent polyp formation, thereby reducing the risk of colon cancer. Anti-CtBP therapies such as HIPP may be able to complement current therapies to counter drug resistance and decrease metastasis to control and cure colon cancer.
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