Western diet may cause liver inflammation

Liver inflammation occurs when the organ becomes larger than normal. Diet, gender, and different antibiotic treatments can alter the gut microbiota as well as bile acid profile and have different effects on liver inflammation.

Farnesold x receptor FxR, is a member of the family of nuclear hormone receptors. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, which eliminated most gut bacteria, affected hepatic inflammation differently in FXR-deficient mice, the diet provided will determine the how it affects gut bacteria.

 In control diet-fed mice, a cocktail of ampicillin, neomycin and vancomycin blocked hepatic neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration. The cocktail of antibiotics Abx was not able to eliminate hepatic inflammation in Western diet-fed Farnesold x receptor knock out FXR KO mice.

Other investigation showed that many inflammatory genes had higher expression levels in Western diet than control diet-fed FXR KO mice after antibiotics treatment.

Analyzing the composition of the gut microbiota, researchers discovered that that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes persisted after the broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in the Western diet-fed FXR KO mice.

Adverse effects of Western diet on the liver may be explained by the persistence of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria and the reduction of anti-inflammatory Firmicutes in the gut.
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