Using paracetamol during pregnancy can reduce the fertility of offsprings

Taking paracetamol during pregnancy may impair the future fertility of female offspring, according to a review published in Endocrine Connections. The article reviews three separate rodent studies that all report altered development in the reproductive systems of female offspring from mothers given paracetamol during pregnancy, which may impair their fertility in adulthood. Paracetamol, or acetaminophen, is an over-the-counter treatment for pain relief that is commonly taken by pregnant women worldwide.

 Recent studies have linked paracetamol use during pregnancy with disruptions in the development of the male reproductive system but the effects on female offspring had not yet been investigated. In this article, Dr David Kristensen and colleagues from Copenhagen University Hospital, review the findings from three individual rodent studies that evaluated the effects of paracetamol taken during pregnancy on the development of the reproductive system in female offspring. It is well known that exposure to some chemicals during pregnancy can cause developmental effects that may not manifest until much later in life.

In rodents and humans, females are born with a finite number of eggs for reproduction in the future. In these reviewed studies, rodents given paracetamol during pregnancy, at doses equivalent to those that a pregnant woman may take for pain relief, produced female offspring with fewer eggs. This means that in adulthood, they have fewer eggs available for fertilisation, which may reduce their chances of successful reproduction, particularly as they get older.

This may not be a severe impairment to fertility, it is still of real concern since data from three different labs all independently found that paracetamol may disrupt female reproductive development in this way, which indicates further investigation is needed to establish how this affects human fertility. Although there are parallels between rodent and human reproductive development, these findings have yet to be firmly established in humans.

 However, establishing a link between paracetamol taken by mothers during pregnancy and fertility problems much later in the adult life of the child will be difficult. Combining epidemiological data from human studies with more experimental research on models, such as rodents, it may be possible to firmly establish this link and determine how it happens, so that pregnant women in pain can be successfully treated, without risk to their unborn children.
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Air pollution linked to poor sperm quality

Air pollution, particularly levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), is associated with poorer quality sperm. Although the size of the effect is relatively small in clinical terms, given how widespread air pollution is, this might spell infertility for a significant number of couples. Environmental exposure to chemicals is thought to be a potential factor in worsening sperm quality.

The international team of researchers looked at the impact on health of short and long term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) among men from 15 to 49 year old men. The men were all taking part in a standard medical examination programme between 2001 and 2014, during which their sperm quality was assessed (total numbers, shape/size, movement) as set out by World Health Organization guidelines.

PM2.5 levels were estimated for each man's home address for a period of three months, as that is how long it takes for sperm to be generated, and for an average of 2 years, using a new mathematical approach combined with NASA satellite data. A strong association between PM2.5 exposure and abnormal sperm shape was found. Every 5 ug/m3 increase in fine particulate matter across the 2 year average was associated with a significant drop in normal sperm shape/size of 1.29 per cent.

And it was associated with a 26 per cent heightened risk of being in the bottom 10 per cent of normal sperm size and shape, after taking account of potentially influential factors, such as smoking and drinking, age or overweight. However, it was also associated with a significant increase in sperm numbers, possibly as a compensatory mechanism to combat the detrimental effects on shape and size, suggest the researchers.

Components of fine particulate matter, such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, have been linked to sperm damage in experimental studies. Free radical damage, brought on by exposure to air pollutants, might have a possible role, as this can damage DNA and alter cellular processes in the body.
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Sugar is as addictive as cocaine

Sugar can cause cravings, binges and withdrawal symptoms similar to a drug addiction. Sugar could be just as addictive as cocaine, cocaine and sugar have similar effect on the brain.

Cutting sugar out may lead to depression and behavioural disorders such as ADHD, refined sugar and opioid drugs trigger a similar response from the brain's reward system, both releasing dopamine and other pleasure-inducing chemicals.

Getting used to this feeling leads to craving for more to get the same response, leading to addiction.
Consuming sugar produces effects similar to that of cocaine, altering mood by inducing reward and pleasure

Experiments on rats showed that sugar was more addictive than opioid drugs.
Withdrawal symptoms can include behavioural problems or depression. Lack of dopamine in the brain during periods between sugar consumption has lead to ADHD-like symptoms.

During off sugar period, a mild state of depression may ensue due to dopamine deficiency, which can be temporarily relieved by consuming more sugar.
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Parabens can reduce sperm quality

According to the latest research, chemicals found in soap and plastic can reduce sperm quality. Hormone-disrupting chemicals, known as parabens, are significantly associated with an increased number of abnormally sized and shaped sperm, which has previously been linked to infertility.

Parabens, which are also found in certain foods, drugs and cosmetics can also cause DNA damage in sperm, which may hinder a woman's ability to conceive. Exposure to such chemicals also reduces sperms' mobility, making it more difficult for ejaculate to reach an egg. Parabens cause slow-moving sperm of an abnormal size

The researchers analysed the urine samples of men who attended a fertility clinic. The samples' paraben concentrations were assessed. The participants were also interviewed and provided semen, saliva and blood samples.

Results reveal the presence of parabens in urine are significantly associated with an increase number of sperm of an abnormal size and shape, which has previously been linked to infertility.
Parabens are also linked to DNA damage in sperm.

A particular type of the chemical, known as butyl paraben, was found to be particularly associated with reducing sperm quality. Parabens are widely-used preservatives in cosmetic products, including soaps, moisturisers and make-up. They are also found in certain drugs, pesticides, plastics, detergents, foods, toys and flame retardants.

The most common forms of the chemical are methylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben. Parabens are sometimes combined to increase their effectiveness. Parabens may have developmental, reproductive, neurological and immune-system side effects.
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Flame retardant exposure lowers children's IQ

Dangerous class of flame retardant chemicals commonly found in furniture and household products damages children's intelligence, leading to loss of intelligent quotient IQ points.

Exposure to Polybrominated diphenyl ethers' PBDE lowers children's intelligence.Researchers discovered that increase in a mother's PBDE levels led to a drop of IQ points in her child.

Regular exposure of pregnant woman to PBDEs a lowers her child's IQ. There is a link between PDBE exposures and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD in children.

 PBDEs and common flame retardants are not chemically bonded to the foams they protect, but they are merely mixed and they leach out from the foam and into house dust, food, and human body. Dust, old furniture, and electronic equipment are common PBDEs reservoirs.
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Children of older women may develop cancer

Increase in chromosomal mutations as we get older may increase the risk of giving birth to children that will develop cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Increasing chromosomal aberrations with older parental may cause stillbirth or a baby with conditions like autism and Down’s syndrome.

A chromosome mutation is an unpredictable change that occurs in a
chromosome. This change is caused by problems that occur during cell division process.

Increasing new mutations that happens in sperm or egg cells are associated with the parents age. These increases the risk of birth defects related to single gene mutations and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Older parents can reduce the risk by embracing healthy lifestyle, reducing alcohol intake, avoiding smoking and chemical exposure.
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Indoor pollution can destroy lungs

Indoor pollution from central heating, gas cookers, cleaning products, chemicals, and mold can damage lungs, trigger asthma and cause respiratory diseases.

Poor ventilation, the use of open central heating and regular use of air conditioner prevents fresh and natural air from getting to our lungs, since we spend more time indoor. Our lungs is prone to damage because of regular exposure to indoor pollution.

 Airtight contain a great number of pollutants and chemicals, many of which can have serious health effects on our health. Warmth, moisture and lack of ventilation also make it easier for bacteria and viruses to breed easily and spread indoor.

Central heating, pets, open fires, chemicals found in household cleaning agents like soap and detergents, the fumes generated by cooking, perfumes and dust. All these contributed to indoor pollution.

Moisture in airtight home encourages the proliferation of irritant mold and fungal spores as well as house-dust mites that trigger asthma attacks and breathing difficulties associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Good ventilation will create way for gaseous exchange and improve indoor air quality and prevents respiratory allergies. Getting rid of airborne allergens and improving indoor air can prevent respiratory allergies.
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How cosmetics harm the skin

Cosmetics also known as makeup are substances used to change the appearance of the body. Common cosmetics are face powder, lipstick, nail polish, mascara, eye shadow, skin cleansers and skin lotions.

Some of the chemicals used to make cosmetics are not safe for human skin. Some non toxic cosmetics are toxic because of the adverse effects experienced by different users of the products.

Researchers discovered that some personal care products that can cause skin cancer are baby products, hair care, tattoos and skincare. Some of the toxic chemicals in cosmetics are Paraben, Triclosan, Toluene, Fragrance and Propyleneglycol.

Skin is equivalent to mouth, don't put on your skin what you can not put in your mouth. Chemicals absorbed through the skin does not pass through the gut, it will go directly to the bloodstream. Always consider your skin health before applying cosmetics on it.
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Foods that cause cancer

Exposure to different chemicals and radiation in the atmosphere can increase risk of cancer. We are exposed to chemicals and radiation through foods, drugs, cosmetic and using of electrical and electronic devices.

We can reduce risk of cancer by what we eat to strengthen our immune systems against the daily chemical and  radiation exposure. We must prevent cancer causing foods to prevent overload of cancerous cells in our body system.

Common foods that cause cancer
Genetically modified foods.
Microwave Popcorn.
Canned foods.
Grilled red meat.
Refined sugar.
Salted, pickled and smoked foods.
White flour.
Hydrogenated vegetable oils.

Cancer can be prevented by eating raw, fresh and organic foods and regular consumption of non-starchy vegetables.
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Tea can cause epigenetic changes in women

Epigenetic changes are chemical modifications that turn our genes off or on. Environment and lifestyle factors, such as food choices, smoking and exposure to chemicals, can lead to epigenetic changes.

According to latest research, there are epigenetic changes in women consuming tea, but not in men.
Some of these epigenetic changes were found in genes involved in cancer and estrogen metabolism.

Results from this study highlight the role of pharmacologically active components in tea being involved in cancer and estrogen metabolism, which can reflect that health effects related to tea consumption might be due to epigenetic changes.

The role of pharmacologically active components in tea being involved in cancer and estrogen metabolism, which can reflect that health effects related to tea consumption might be due to epigenetic changes.

Dogs can detect cancer

After six months of training, German Shepherds dogs detect breast cancer accurately.

Dogs exhale five minutes in one second to pull, inhale and deliver aromas that are decoded by their 300 million receptor cells.

Breast cancer have special smell that dogs can detect, Jacky Experton trained German Shepherds Thor and Nykios to recognise cancerous and non -cancerous rags.

Dogs detected cancerous cells because they have more nerve cells than human, they also pick variety of chemicals.