Genetic mutations start after conception

Hundreds of minor genetic mutations start to form in the cells of an embryo after conception, some of these mutations occur as sex cells are forming in the embryo. That means they can become part of the embryo's genome and be passed on to the next generation.

This opens up a larger perspective on human development,  this shows that some of our genome does not come from our parents.These early genetic mutations are also similar to those found in cancers, cancers can occur as a normal byproduct of cell division, this mat be the causes of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia or autism.

These conditions are primarily the result of genetic abnormalities, but no single gene inherited by parents has been found to cause a large number of cases.The study may also help explain why one identical twin might have a genetic disorder while the other is healthy, or why some members of a family who carry a disease-causing mutation do not get sick.
         haleplushearty.blogspot.com

Folic acid may reduce autism risk from pesticide

Taking folic acid during the window around conception reduced the risk associated with pesticides, researchers examined many children who had been diagnosed with ASD, the researchers interviewed their mothers about their household pesticide exposure during pregnancy, folic acid and B vitamin intake.

Children whose mothers took 800 or more micrograms of folic acid and other prenatal vitamins had a lower risk of developing autism spectrum disorder ASD even when their mothers were exposed to household or agricultural pesticides.

Mothers who took less than 800 micrograms and encountered household pesticides had higher risk of having a child who developed an ASD than their counterparts who took 800 micrograms of folic acid or more and were not exposed to pesticides.

The risk increased for women exposed several times, women with low folic acid intake who were exposed to agricultural pesticides during a window from three months before conception to three months afterward were at higher risk. Folic acid can reduce the risk of developing autism but it can not prevent it completely. Avoiding chronic pesticide before and during pregnancy can prevents ASD.

Folate plays a critical role in DNA methylation- a process by which genes are turned off or on, as well as in DNA repair and synthesis. These are important during periods of rapid growth when there are lots of cells dividing in developing fetus. Taking folic acid can improve genomic functions.
          haleplushearty.blogspot.com

Ovarian freezing is better than eggs freezing

Freezing of ovaries preserve fertility better than eggs. Women who freezed their ovaries tissues can have babies easily in future.

Eggs freezing requires an IVF with hormone replacement therapy before conception can take place while ovarian freezing reverses menopause and increases the chance of natural pregnancy without any fertility treatment.

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation can be considered as a good option for fertility preservation for women who are not ready to have children now; busy with their career or undergoing cancer treatment and choose to have children at old age or after treatment.
          haleplushearty.blogspot.com

How biological clock affects male fertility

Waiting until forties before trying to become fathers could reduce male fertility because sperm DNA becomes damaged with age.

Frequent cell division to make new generation of sperm daily increases errors in cell formation as men get older and the risk increases everyday. Genetic errors may get into sperm as men aged.

The cumulative effect of these errors as cell division goes on and on and on affects children produced by older men. Autism, epilepsy and schizophrenia are associated with older sperm.

Older men may not be able to impregnate a woman naturally, it may take a long period of time to archive conception and risk of miscarriage is very high.

Healthy lifestyle can prevent DNA damage and changes to genes. Men must eat healthily diet, avoid smoking, engage in regular physical activities and avoid hot baths, as sperm likes cool temperatures to be in good reproductive shape.
          haleplushearty.blogspot.com

Mother's weight increases the risk of birth defects

Risk of birth defects increases with the mother's weight. Researchers tracked 1.2 million births, and discovered that baby's risk of having birth defect increases as mother's weight goes up.

Researchers analysed data on births between 2001 and 2014, they discovered that being overweight increased the risk of birth defects including heart problems, defects of the limbs, genital problems, urinary issues, digestive problems and malformed nervous systems.

According to pediatricians, risks of any major congenital malformation and several subgroups of organ specific malformations progressively increased with maternal overweight. Women
of reproductive age should adopt a healthy lifestyle and obtain a normal body weight before conception.

          haleplushearty.blogspot.com

How bacteria prevents ovulation and embryo implanting

Bacteria that causes gum infections can makes conception difficult. Women with bacteria that causes gum disease P. Gingivalis may not become pregnant within 12 months.

Women with the bug, disease of the gum and underlying bone may not become pregnant within 12 months.
Researchers believe that infection in the gums and jawbone leads to inflammation in the body and the inflammation may prevent ovulation.

 Periodontal bacteria may have a systemic effect on conception even before signs of gum disease. Women
of reproductive age are expected to take care of their oral health and attend periodontal evaluations.

Researchers examined 256 healthy non-pregnant women aged between 19 and 42 who had stopped contraception and were trying to get pregnant. The health of their mouths and gums, as well as their reproductive organs, were examined.

 P Gingivalis was detected in the saliva of women who did not become pregnant during the one-year follow-up period than those who became pregnant.

 Researchers discovered that women who either had P. Gingivalis in their saliva or antibodies indicating they had been infected by P Gingivalis, were three times less likely to get pregnant within 12 months.

          haleplushearty.blogspot.com

Swimming condition in the uterus and fertility

Before conception can take place in mammals, the semen and the egg must be in good condition. Male and female mammals have to contribute to conception before it can take place.

Researcher in Washington State University has found that uterus in female mice has enzymes that can break semen into watery form and make it easier to swim for conception to take place.

Female mice produce the enzyme using estrogen to cause the process of breaking down the semen. Lack of gene to induce the process will leads to failure of the semen in the uterus.

Age-related female infertility

Female infertility is inability to contribute to conception or unable to carry a pregnancy to full time.

Researchers at the University of Montreal Hospital Research Center have new explanation for female infertility.

They discovered that microtubules that coordinate chromosome segregation during cell division behave abnormally in older eggs.

Women are born with a fixed number of eggs, which remain inactive in the ovaries, one egg is released every month during menstruation.

One of the causes of infertility in female is defect in egg that causes abnormal number of chromosomes, the egg can cause miscarriage and down syndromes, fertility decline start at 35 years.