Defective HIV proviruses prevent cure

Proteins created by defective forms of HIV associate with immune systems are monitored by cytotoxic T cells.

HIV proviruses are many in HIV patients, the faulty proteins they produce can hinder measurement of viral load, exhaust immune systems and prevent suppression of the virus.

Researchers are trying to hypermutate the proviruses and destroy defective HIV proviruses and develop cure for HIV infection.

Scientists collected defective HIV proviruses from 9 HIV patients and transfected cultures of human immune cells in laboratory.

It was discovered that the transfected human immune cells were capable of making HIV protein despite mutations.

Defective proviruses contribute to viral RNA and protein production and increase the viral load of HIV patients.

Sleeping less than five hours increases risk of prostate cancer

According to scientists, sleeping less than five hours a night may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer.

Men above 65 years that are not sleeping up to seven hours recommended by National Sleep Foundation are at risk of developing terminal diseases.

American Cancer Society in Atlanta examined data from two long-term studies. The first study followed more than 407,000 men between 1950 and 1972, the second followed 416,000 men from 1982 to 2012.

All the men were cancer free at the beginning of the study, more than 1,500 men in first study and more than 8,700 men in second study died of prostate cancer when checked out later.

Not sleeping very well turned off genes that protect cancer growth and prevent production of melatonin. According to Dr Gapstur, reduced melatonin can accelerate genetic mutations, reduced DNA repair and weakened immune system.

The link between blood vessels and Immune system

Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered that tumor blood vessels and immune system influences each other's roles.

There are different therapies for cancer, some therapies stop tumour growth by controlling the blood vessels that protects the tumor mass, others work on the immune system and trying to destroy the tumor.

Anti blood vessel therapies and immunotherapies have been used in treatment of cancer; immunotherapy has record great success in some cancer treatment like melanoma, but some patients are not responding to these therapies.

Researchers suggest consideration of vascular structure of the tumor and the presence of immune cells and their activities. Anti-cancer therapies toward the blood vessels is influencing the anti-tumor immune response and the other way round. Combining the therapies may produce a better result.

Mesothelioma is getting better with immunotherapy drug

Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops in the lining of the lungs and chest wall, it is causes by inhalation of asbestos fibre.

It is difficult to detect the cancer at early stage because their is no symptoms until it reach an advanced stage.

An immunotherapy drug,
Pembrolizumab seems to be effective in the treatment of mesothelioma.

First-line therapy is the standard treatment for mesothelioma, according to Dr.Evan Alley, researchers have studied different drugs but have not seen positive results.

Pembrolizumab is a checkpoint inhibitor, it is designed to fight cancer by defeating process that cancer cells use to avoid being destroyed by the immune system.

Common adverse effect of the drug are: dry mouth, nausea, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

How breast implants caused cancer

Breast implant is the use of artificial material to change the size, shape and colour of breast. It may cause deadly cancer.

Food and Drug Administration FDA said women with breast implants are at risk of developing anaplastic large cell lymphoma ALCL - a cancer of Immune system cells.

ALCL develop in women with textured implants than those that used smooth-surfaced implants. According to Aesthetic Surgery Journal, chronic inflammation in the scar tissue around the breast implants may trigger the immune response to the implants.

Regular MRI scan can detect leaks from silicon gel implant, women with breast implants are advised to follow their doctor's advice and instructions. Regular medical check can also help, swelling and pain from the breast must be report in the hospital without delay.

HIV lesions treatments

HIV alters the body's immune system and this can leads to development of many health problem like skin infections.

Lesions are abnormal growths on the skin, it can grow on the skin of people who are not suffering from HIV, but it is common in people who are HIV positive.

It may develop as side effect of HIV medication, CD4 count is a blood test that measure the level of white blood cells in the body, if CD4 count is very low, the rate of developing skin lesions will be very high.

Common HIV skin lesions:
• Bullous impetigo
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) warts
• Prurigo nodularis
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Herpes simplex lesions
• Kaposi's sarcoma

Treatments
1. Taking antiviral medication according to Doctor's prescription may increase CD4 cells.
2. Eating balanced diet
3. Getting enough rest
4. Regular exercise

Vitamin B may protect against air pollution

B vitamins are water-soluble vitamins that aid cell metabolism, these vitamins are found in whole unprocessed foods but low quantity in processed food.

Researchers found that high doses of vitamin B may destroy the damage caused by air pollution.

Pollutants like smoke and chemical by- product can stay in human lungs and cause lungs and heart diseases.

Air pollutants alter the function of immune system. Foods rich in vitamin B can control the effects of these pollutants in the body.