Bacteria under the foreskin increases the risk of HIV in men

Some bacteria underneath the foreskin increases the risk of contracting HIV.
These bacteria cause specific immune cells to accumulate at the penis give HIV easy access  to enter the body.

An imbalance in genital bacteria can increase HIV risk. Circumcision reduces the risk of bacteria, since these anaerobic bacteria can not flourish outside of the moist oxygen-starved foreskin.

Researchers analyzed penile swabs from different uncircumcised men, and
examined the 10 bacteria species that are most commonly reduced after male circumcision.

The men who contracted HIV had higher amounts of certain bacterial strains under their foreskin. A 10-fold increase in the species Prevotella, Dialister, Mobiluncus and Murdochiella roughly equated to a 10 percent increase in the risk of contracting HIV.

The researchers discovered that some species of bacteria increase a man's HIV susceptibility by causing specific immune cells to accumulate under the foreskin and act as a direct entry into the body.
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Antibiotics drug resistance gonorrhoea

Gonorrhoea is sexually-transmitted infection that is difficult to treat. It can be transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral intercourse.

The bacterium that causes gonorrhea can be contacted by touching an infected area or person. The bacteria that cause gonorrhoea resist different antibiotics.

 Gonorrhoea can infect the genitals, rectum and throat. Common complications of gonorrhoea are abdominal pain, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and risk of HIV and infertility.

Pregnant women can infect their babies through child birth and it will leads to blindness. The United Nations health agency advises doctors to prescribe two antibiotics- ceftriaxone and azithromycin for gonorrhoea. It can be prevented by consistent and correct use of condom.
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How gonorrhea manipulates female reproductive tract

The bacterium that causes gonorrhea breaks links between cell in female reproductive tract and infects the tract.

Gonorrhea is one of the common sexually transmitted diseases caused when Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria infect the protective inner lining of human genital tissue.

Common symptoms of gonorrhea in women are: vagina discharge, burning with urination and vagina bleeding between period.

Liang-Chun Wang of the University of Maryland, College Park and colleagues infected human endocervix tissue with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and used molecular and imaging methods to check the infection mechanism.

Scientists discovered that Neisseria gonorrhoeae caused disruption of cellular connections and cell shedding by encouraging activation and accumulation of a human protein called non-muscle myosin II.

HPV Virus can cause cancer

Humans papillomavirus HPV that causes cancer affects 25 percent of men and 20 percent of women according to new government statistics.

People less than 25 years can be protected by vaccine from strains of HPV that causes a range of cancers.

Some HPV can cause genital warts, this have low risk of causing cancer. Other types causing cancer in different areas of the body like cervix, vagina, penis, anus and oropharynx are considered high risk.

According to experts, 70 percent of all head and neck cancer are caused by HPV and it affected more men than women.