How gonorrhea manipulates female reproductive tract

The bacterium that causes gonorrhea breaks links between cell in female reproductive tract and infects the tract.

Gonorrhea is one of the common sexually transmitted diseases caused when Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria infect the protective inner lining of human genital tissue.

Common symptoms of gonorrhea in women are: vagina discharge, burning with urination and vagina bleeding between period.

Liang-Chun Wang of the University of Maryland, College Park and colleagues infected human endocervix tissue with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and used molecular and imaging methods to check the infection mechanism.

Scientists discovered that Neisseria gonorrhoeae caused disruption of cellular connections and cell shedding by encouraging activation and accumulation of a human protein called non-muscle myosin II.

Father's lifestyle and diet affect the cognitive skills of his offspring

Scientists at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease have shown that if male rodents eat foods rich in vitamin B12, methionine and folic acid, their offspring will not perform well in memory test.

Child development is also affected by father's diet and lifestyle: if male rodents eat food rich in fats, their offspring may become diabetic.

Another group of rodents was given balanced diet, mated with female mice, their offspring was examined and their is clear difference between rodents that were fed with balanced diet and those fed with methyl donor-rich diet.

This shows that mother's diet is not the only cause of abnormality in offspring, paternal diet can affect learning skills in offspring.