Immune cells hinder metabolism in adult

Older people do not burn the energy stored in fat cells as efficiently as younger people, this leads to the accumulation of harmful belly fat. The underlying cause for this unresponsiveness in fat cells was unknown.

Researchers discovered a new type of macrophage that resides on the nerves in belly fat. These nerve-associated macrophages become inflamed with age and do not allow the neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers, to function properly.
The researchers also isolated the immune cells from fat tissue of young and old mice, and then sequenced the genome to understand the problem.

They discovered that the aged macrophages can break down the neurotransmitters called catecholamines, and thus do not allow fat cells to supply the fuel when needed. Lowering a specific receptor that controls inflammation, the NLRP3 inflammasome, in aged macrophages, the catecholamines could act to induce fat breakdown, similar to that of young mice.

Researchers blocked an enzyme that is increased in aged macrophages, restoring normal fat metabolism in older mice, monoamine oxidase and MAOA, is prevented by existing drugs in the treatment of depression. When immune cell interact with nerves and fat cells to reduce belly fat, this enhance metabolism, improve performance and belly fat loss in older people.
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How belly fat increases the risk of cancer

Protein released from fat in the body can change a non-cancerous cell into a cancerous one. The lower layer of abdominal fat is responsible for releasing the protein and increasing tumour growth.

Obesity has been linked to several types of cancers including breast, colon, prostate, uterine and kidney. Abdominal obesity and levels of a protein called fibroblast growth factor-2 may be an indicator of cells becoming cancerous.

There are two layers of belly fat: the top layer, known as subcutaneous fat, lies right under the skin, the layer under that, called visceral fat is harmful and cancerous. High fat diet produce larger amounts of the fibroblast growth factor-2, FGF2, protein when compared to the subcutaneous fat.

FGF2 stimulated certain cells that were already vulnerable to the protein and caused them to grow into tumours. When fat secretions have more of the FGF2 protein, more of the cells formed cancerous tumours.

Humans can make a non-tumorigenic cell malignantly change into a tumorigenic cell by eating high fatty foods. Healthy lifestyle, eating fruits and vegetables, regular exercise, avoiding smoking and drinking of alcohol can prevents fat belly and reduce risk of developing cancer.
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