Yale researchers have developed a set of synthetic molecules that may boost the strength of a key, virus-fighting protein. The protein, RIG-I, is an important sensor in the immune system of humans and other animals. It recognizes and responds to viral RNA by surrounding it, latching onto it, and launching the immune system into action.
The Yale team, led by biologists Anna Pyle and Akiko Iwasaki, has designed molecules that jump-start the process. These synthetic, stem-loop RNA (SLR) molecules can be visualized as short cords with a knot at one end. The configuration enables the SLRs to bind with RIG-I molecules in a way that prompts an aggressive response.
"When you tickle RIG-I with this small, RNA hairpin, it alerts the body that it's time to respond," said Pyle, professor of molecular, cellular, and developmental biology, and of chemistry. This gives a tool that can help with everything from the design of better vaccines to better antivirals and anti-cancer therapies.The new study represents the first time scientists have been able to specifically manipulate and analyze the RIG-I biosensor in a living animal-mice.
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