Links between stress and sickness

A Michigan State University researcher is providing new insight into how certain types of stress interact with immune cells and can regulate how these cells respond to allergens, ultimately causing physical symptoms and disease. A stress receptor, known as corticotropin-releasing factor, or CRF1, can send signals to certain immune cells, called mast cells, and control how they defend the body.

Mast cells become highly activated in response to stressful situations the body may be experiencing. When this happens, CRF1 tells these cells to release chemical substances that can lead to inflammatory and allergic diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, asthma, life-threatening food allergies and autoimmune disorders such as lupus.

One chemical substance, histamine, is known to help the body get rid of invading allergens such as pollen, dust mites or the protein of a particular food like a peanut or shellfish. The histamine causes an allergic reaction and in a normal response, helps the body clear the allergen from its system.
If a patient has a severe allergy or is under a lot of stress, then this same response can be amplified, resulting in more severe symptoms ranging from trouble breathing, anaphylactic shock or death.

Researchers compared the histamine responses of mice to two types of stress conditions - psychological and allergic - where the immune system becomes overworked. One group of mice was considered "normal" with CRF1 receptors on their mast cells and the other group had cells that lacked CRF1. While the 'normal' mice exposed to stress exhibited high histamine levels and disease, the mice without CRF1 had low histamine levels, less disease and were protected against both types of stress. This shows that CRF1 is critically involved in some diseases initiated by these stressors.

The CRF1-deficient mice exposed to allergic stress had a 54 percent reduction in disease, while those mice who experienced psychological stress had a 63 percent decrease. The results could change the way everyday disorders such as asthma and the debilitating gastrointestinal symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are treated.
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Traumatic event increase a woman's risk of obesity

According to a new study, women who have experienced traumatic events are more likely to become obese. Researchers discovered that the more traumatic events women reported experiencing in the last five years, the more likely they were to become obese. Obesity can leads to elevated risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, and other serious health problems.

As much as 20 percent of people who experience trauma develop post traumatic stress disorder PTSD, but women are twice likely to suffer from the disorder as are their male counter parts. Stress from sources like bullying and economic strain has well-documented links to eating disorders, including over-eating and obesity. Since women are more prone to both extreme stress or PTSD and obesity, the study authors suggest that more attention needs to be paid to these relationships.

The researchers analysed data on both the women’s body mass indexes BMI and self-reported stress. The divided stressors into two categories: Significant traumatic events like physical violence or the death of a child that could have occurred any time in their lives and still be affecting them, and ‘negative life events’ that had occurred in the last five years.

Living through just one traumatic life event increased the risk of obesity by 11 percent, over that of women who reported no traumatic events. Those that had experienced four or more ‘negative life events’ were at a 36 percent greater risk of obesity.Women are living longer and are more at risk for chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity is related to increased risks of heart attack, stroke, diabetes and cancer, and contributes to spiraling healthcare costs.
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