Bariatric surgery reduced the death rate than the use of traditional medical treatment in obese patients over a 10-year period. The study was by Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Clalit Research Institute in Israel, which has one of the highest rates of bariatric surgery in the world. The rate of death in individuals who did not have surgery was 2.3 percent compared to 1.3 percent in those who had surgery.
The study compared 8,385 people who had the surgery (65 percent women and 35 percent men) to 25,155 who did not. The average age of a person in the study was 46 years old with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 40, the equivalent of being 5 feet 7 inches tall and weighing 265 pounds. BMI is a measure of body fat based on weight in relation to height.
Bariatric surgery is an increasingly frequent treatment for severe obesity, It's highly effective in promoting weight loss but also invasive and can lead to short- and long-term complications. The short-term benefits of weight loss surgery-such as weight loss and better control of diabetes and blood pressure are known, there is concern about complications from the surgery.
Among the concerns are malabsorption of nutrients including vitamin deficiency, anemia and protein deficiency. But there was not a higher rate of anemia, vitamin or protein deficiency among those who had surgery in this study. The study looked at three types of bariatric surgery compared to the usual care by a primary care physician, which may include dietary counseling and behavior modification.
The surgery types included roux-en-Y gastric bypass (creating a pouch at the top of the stomach that limits the amount a person can comfortably eat and bypassing the first part of the small intestine), laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (restricting the amount of food the stomach can hold with an adjustable band) and sleeve gastrectomy (reducing the size of the stomach).
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