Naturally acquired immunity against Zika virus

During their study of Zika infection in pregnant mice, the researchers built-up immunity in previously infected mothers that continued into pregnancy and protected fetal tissues. Because the mothers had already cleared their non-symptomatic Zika infections, they developed high levels of protective immunoglobulin antibodies against the virus that researchers found in the animals. Detection of these protective antibodies points to the possibility of developing diagnostic tests to identify naturally immune women and distinguish them from women at high risk of infection.

The ability to identify high-risk women would help develop focused therapeutic strategies for prevention, combining protective antibodies with an eventual vaccine, which could synergistically provide more a robust level of protection against Zika. Built-up immunoglobulin antibodies protect against Zika infection in mothers and their developing fetal offspring.

Researchers said expectant mothers are susceptible to Zika infection compared to non-pregnant women. If the virus is active during pregnancy, it usually spreads to vital tissues of a developing fetus. Because Zika virus infection in healthy non-pregnant women is mostly asymptomatic, many women of reproductive age in high-risk regions have a cleared infection before pregnancy.

Susceptibility to Zika virus infection was markedly reduced in mice that had previously cleared a prior infection compared to those undergoing a first infection during pregnancy. Mice that didn't have prior Zika infections developed clinical symptoms and sharply increased levels of Zika virus in their blood, which spread to fetal tissues.

Zika virus could not be found in most of the baby mice from mothers with resolved infection prior to pregnancy. Protection found in Zika-resistant mice could be transferred to susceptible mice with Zika virus neutralizing antibodies found in the blood of mice with prior asymptomatic infection.
           haleplushearty.blogspot.com

Potential Zika vaccine prevents pregnancy transmission and testicular damage

Zika infection typically results in mild or symptom-free infections in healthy individuals, infected pregnant women without symptoms may still give birth to a baby with birth defects like microcephaly.

Researchers has shown that a potential Zika vaccine can protect fetuses against infection and  protect males against testicular infection and injury. It also prevents a lowered sperm count after one vaccination.

Infected men without any signs of illness may still incur testicular injury and lowered sperm count. The Zika virus could infect the male reproductive system for several months, posing risk for sexual transmission.

Taking a single-dose vaccine could prevent Zika infection in non-human primates, prevent mother-to-fetus transmission, and stop male testis infection in mice. The vaccine provides a protective immune response, this vaccine exhibited an excellent safety profile in mouse and non-human primate models.
          haleplushearty.blogspot.com