Symptoms of Marburg virus

Marburg and Ebola viruses are considered to be zoonotic infections (transmitted to humans from life cycles in other animals). Although it is unclear as to which animals contain both Marburg and Ebola, it is thought that both may be transmitted to humans from monkeys and bats.

Humans may contract these viruses from other animals by eating them or by contamination of animal body fluids, human-to-human transfer occurs by direct contact with an infected person's bodily fluids for example, saliva, tears, excretions, vomitus, and blood.

The Marburg viruses are not thought to be spread by air droplets. The symptoms of Marburg virus infection usually come on suddenly after an incubation period of about five to ten days. Early symptoms are fever, headache and muscle aches.

Other symptoms are: rash on the chest, back, and stomach in some individuals. Others are: nausea, vomiting, chest pain, sore throat, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Symptoms continue and can become severe; they include: jaundice, pancreatic inflammation, severe weight loss, delirium, liver failure, massive hemorrhaging with organ dysfunction.

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Marburg virus disease

Marburg virus disease is endemic in African green monkeys and some bats, it can be transmitted to humans. The disease can be transmitted from person to person by exposure to blood and other bodily fluids.

Marburg virus disease is caused by viruses that produce symptoms of fever, chills, headaches and muscle aches early in the disease; symptoms worsen and may lead to hemorrhagic fever and death. Risk factors include exposure to African green monkeys and some bats; in addition, exposure to an infected human is high risk factor.

The diagnosis of Marburg virus disease is usually done by specialized laboratories. Treatment is limited to supportive care, usually in an intensive-care unit. Specialists that may be consulted include critical-care specialists, infectious-disease specialists, hematologists and lung specialists.

Prevention of Marburg viral disease involves avoiding contact with African animals and bats that may carry the disease and using strict isolation procedures to avoid any bodily fluids or tissues from humans infected with Marburg viruses. Complications of Marburg virus infections include eye, nerve, and bleeding problems.

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