Birth control shot increases the risk of HIV

Transitioning away from a popular contraceptive shot known as DMPA could help protect women in Sub-Saharan Africa and other high-risk regions from becoming infected with HIV, according to a research review. The predominant contraceptive in Sub-Saharan Africa is depotmedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) -- a birth control shot administered every three months.

Human studies suggest DMPA use may raise the risk of HIV infection by 40 percent. Other forms of contraceptive shots do not show the same correlation with HIV infection. Increasing availability of contraceptives that use a different form of the female hormone progestin than the one found in DMPA could help reduce the risk of HIV transmission. In addition to these clinical studies, the review's authors examined animal, cell and biochemical research on the form of progestin used in DMPA -- medroxprogesterone acetate, or MPA.

The analysis revealed MPA acts differently than other forms of progestin used in contraceptives. MPA behaves like the stress hormone cortisol in the cells of the genital tract that can come in contact with HIV. The increased rate of HIV infection among women using DMPA contraceptive shots is likely due to multiple reasons, including decreases in immune function and the protective barrier function of the female genital tract.
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Causes of contraceptive failure

Contraceptive is the use of drugs or devices to prevent pregnancy, there are different types of contraceptives that prevent pregnancy.

The common methods are: sterilization, pill, condoms, the diaphragm, the contraceptive pill, implants, natural method, and intrauterine devices IUDs.

There are different conditions and human errors that can cause failure of a contraceptive method, some of the conditions are:

Inconsistent and incorrect use of a contraceptive pill or method.
Inflammatory bowel disease or digestive disorders.

Taking antibiotics or antiretroviral drugs may cause drugs interactions with contraceptive pills.
Wrong calculation of safe period for natural method.
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Contraceptive pills may prevent some cancers

Contraceptive pills are drugs that contain hormones (estrogen and progesterone) used to prevent pregnancy.

Latest research from the University of Aberdeen shows that women who had used oral contraceptive pills may not have ovarian, endometrial and colorectal cancer.

The study found no connection between the use of contraceptive pills and risk of having cancer later in life.

Central for Disease and Control and Prevention says 16 percent of women in the United States are using oral contraceptive pills.

The protective benefits of using contraceptive pills during reproductive age can last for 30 years.